Table 1 Characteristics of the participants
Variables | n = 246, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Parent’s age, mean (SD) | 35 (6.4) | |
Parental role | Mother | 186 (75.6) |
Father | 60 (24.4) | |
Ethnicity | Malay | 177 (72.0) |
Bumiputera Sabah | 22 (8.9) | |
Chinese | 20 (8.1) | |
Indian | 16 (6.5) | |
Bumiputera Sarawak | 7 (2.8) | |
Others | 4 (1.6) | |
State residing | Selangor | 39 (15.9) |
Perak | 34 (13.8) | |
Johor | 25 (10.2) | |
Melaka | 24 (9.8) | |
Kelantan | 22 (8.9) | |
Penang | 11 (4.5) | |
Pahang | 8 (3.3) | |
Perlis | 8 (3.3) | |
Negeri Sembilan | 6 (2.4) | |
Kedah | 3 (1.2) | |
Terengganu | 4 (1.6) | |
Sabah | 24 (9.8) | |
Sarawak | 19 (7.7) | |
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur | 10 (4.1) | |
Federal Territory of Labuan | 9 (3.7) | |
Education Level | Secondary | 43 (17.5) |
Tertiary | 203 (82.5) | |
Mother’s Occupationa | Managerial and professional | 9 (3.7) |
Intermediate* | 158 (64.2) | |
Small employer/ own company | 7 (2.8) | |
technical | 9 (3.7) | |
Semi-routine/ routine | 14 (5.7) | |
Never worked/ unemployed | 49 (19.9) | |
Father’s Occupationa | Managerial and professional | 9 (3.7) |
Intermediate* | 130 (52.8) | |
Small employer/ own company | 25 (10.2) | |
technical | 40 (16.3) | |
Semi-routine/ routine | 32 (13.0) | |
Never worked/ fulltime unemployed | 10 (4.1) | |
Parent’s smoking status | Current smoker | 17 (6.8) |
Former smoker | 15 (6.1) | |
Never smoked | 217 (87.1) | |
Mothers’ smoking status | Current | 0 (0.0) |
Former | 1 (0.5%) | |
Never | 185 (99.5) | |
Fathers’ smoking status | Current | 17 (28.3) |
Former | 14 (23.3) | |
Never | 29 (48.3) | |
Living with extended family member who is an active smoker | 83 (33.7) | |
Number of children at home | 1 | 59 (24.0) |
2 | 89 (36.2) | |
3 | 46 (18.7) | |
4 | 29 (11.8) | |
5 | 17 (6.9) | |
6 | 4 (1.6) | |
9 | 1 (0.4) | |
12 | 1 (0.4) | |