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Table 2 Six models for six indicators of trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic predicting cross-situational handwashing adherence

From: The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries

Predictors and covariates

6 Models explaining cross-situational handwashing adherence with 6 indicators of the trajectory of the COVID − 19 pandemic and control variables:

The model with

total COVID-19 cases

as the predictor in the equation

The model with

total COVID-19 deaths

as the predictor in the equation

The model with

new COVID-19 cases

as the predictor in the equation

The model with

new COVID-19 deaths

as the predictor in the equation

The model with

2-week change in COVID-19 cases

as the predictor in the equation

The model with

2-week change in COVID-19 deaths

as the predictor in the equation

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Est

(SE)

p

Cl97.5

Lower Upper

Lower Upper

Lower Upper

Lower Upper

Lower Upper

Lower Upper

Intercept

3.347

(0.030)

<.001

3.285

3.409

3.346 (0.029)

<.001

3.286

3.405

3.352

(0.027)

<.001

3.295

3.409

3.350

(0.028)

<.001

3.291

3.410

3.350

(0.027)

<.001

3.293

3.407

3.349

(0.027)

<.001

3.292

3.406

The predictor variables: indices of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic

 Total cases or total deaths or new cases or new deaths or 2-week change in cases or 2-week change in deaths

−0.041

(0.013)

.002

−0.068

−0.015

−0.036

(0.014)

.013

−0.065

−0.008

0.016

(0.011)

.159

− 0.006

0.038

− 0.003

(0.012)

.787

− 0.027

0.020

0.014

(0.007)

.035

0.001

0.027

0.022

(0.009)

.015

0.004

0.040

Participants’ COVID-19 -related situation (control variables)

 Exposure to information regarding handwashing

0.058

(0.006)

<.001

0.047

0.069

0.058

(0.006)

<.001

0.047

0.069

0.057

(0.006)

<.001

0.046

0.069

0.059

(0.006)

<.001

0.048

0.070

0.058

(0.006)

<.001

0.046

0.069

0.058

(0.006)

<.001

0.047

0.069

 Profession: healthcare services

0.115

(0.016)

<.001

0.083

0.147

0.115

(0.016)

<.001

0.083

0.146

0.112

(0.016)

<.001

0.080

0.143

0.109

(0.016)

<.001

0.077

0.140

0.114

(0.016)

<.001

0.082

0.146

0.114

(0.016)

<.001

0.082

0.145

Sociodemographic characteristics (control variables)

 Gender

−0.114

(0.013)

<.001

−0.139

−0.088

−0.115

(0.013)

<.001

−0.140

− 0.089

− 0.118

(0.013)

<.001

− 0.144

− 0.093

−0.114

(0.013)

<.001

−0.139

− 0.089

−0.117

(0.013)

<.001

−0.142

− 0.092

−0.114

(0.013)

<.001

−0.139

− 0.089

 Age

0.029

(0.006)

<.001

0.016

0.041

0.030

(0.006)

<.001

0.017

0.042

0.028

(0.006)

<.001

0.015

0.040

0.028

(0.006)

<.001

0.016

0.040

0.027

(0.006)

<.001

0.015

0.040

0.028

(0.006)

<.001

0.016

0.041

 Marital status

0.028

(0.012)

.018

0.005

0.052

0.032

(0.012)

.007

0.009

0.055

0.030

(0.012)

.012

0.007

0.053

0.031

(0.012)

.009

0.008

0.055

0.030

(0.012)

.012

0.007

0.054

0.032

(0.012)

.008

0.008

0.055

Country-level control variables

 Containment and health policies index

−0.026

(0.009)

.003

−0.044

−0.009

−0.025

(0.009)

.005

−0.042

− 0.008

−0.024

(0.009)

.007

−0.043

− 0.006

−0.018

(0.009)

.046

−0.036

− 0.000

−0.023

(0.008)

.007

−0.040

− 0.006

−0.024

(0.009)

.007

−0.042

− 0.006

 Human Development Index 2019

− 0.021

(0.022)

.347

− 0.066

0.025

−0.025

(0.021)

.259

−0.068

0.019

− 0.031 (0.020)

.137

− 0.073

0.011

−0.028

(0.021)

.194

−0.072

0.015

− 0.029

(0.020)

.173

− 0.070

0.013

−0.028

(0.020)

.172

−0.070

0.013

Fit indices for the models explaining cross-situational handwashing adherence with 6 indicators of the trajectory of the COVID −19 pandemic and control variables:

 AIC

5824.7

  

5819.0

  

5830.8

  

5818.1

  

5829.0

  

5818.0

  

 BIC

5897.8

  

5892.1

  

5903.9

  

5891.2

  

5902.1

  

5891.1

  

 Pseudo- R2

.151

  

.150

  

.149

  

.147

  

.149

  

.149

  
  1. Note. Est Estimate, Cl97.5 97.5% confidence interval; Values presented in bold are significant at p < .05; Country-level COVID-19-related policies were retrieved for individual self-reported data collection date; Total COVID-19 cases/deaths = total COVID-19 morbidity/mortality cases accumulated since the beginning of the pandemic (per country and per date); New COVID-19 cases/deaths = the number of new COVID-19 cases/deaths per country per day (average values for 2-week period); 2-week change in COVID-19 cases = a difference in the mean of new cases of COVID-19 in the 14 days previous to data collection, compared to the mean of country new cases of COVID-19 in the 15–28 days before the date of data collection; higher scores indicate more new cases in 14 days previous to data collection compared to 15–28 days before data collection; 2-week change in COVID-19 deaths = a 2-week change in COVID-19 deaths, calculated in the same manner as change in COVID-19 cases; Profession: healthcare services = being employed as healthcare professional during the COVID-19 pandemic; Containment and health index = Strictness of COVID-19-related containment and health policies (country-and week-specific data)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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