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Table 2 The MMR Due to Direct and Indirect Obstetric Causes in Jinan during 1991–2020

From: Trends, causes and solutions of maternal mortality in Jinan, China: the epidemiology of the MMR in 1991–2020

Year

Direct Obstetric Causes*

Indirect Obstetric Causes*

n

MMR

n

MMR

1991

17

35.67

4

8.39

1992

14

35.60

3

7.63

1993

8

19.31

2

4.83

1994

7

15.47

1

2.21

1995

10

20.49

3

6.15

1996

8

15.05

3

5.64

1997

11

18.98

5

8.63

1998

7

12.69

4

7.25

1999

12

22.86

6

11.43

2000

9

16.18

3

5.39

2001

10

19.38

2

3.88

2002

9

16.06

4

7.14

2003

7

10.28

3

4.40

2004

11

18.34

6

10.01

2005

9

16.13

4

7.17

2006

6

10.93

3

5.47

2007

9

15.65

6

10.43

2008

4

6.56

5

8.20

2009

5

8.52

4

6.82

2010

2

3.02

5

7.55

2011

2

3.08

5

7.69

2012

5

7.74

3

4.64

2013

6

9.28

3

4.64

2014

3

4.33

7

10.09

2015

1

1.48

4

5.93

2016

2

2.58

8

10.34

2017

2

2.47

3

3.70

2018

3

3.74

5

6.24

2019

3

3.73

3

3.73

2020

1

1.49

3

4.46

  1. Notes
  2. n: Number of maternal deaths
  3. MMR:Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births)
  4. *: Cochran-Armitage trend (CAT) P < 0.05