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Table 6 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showing the predictors of willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine

From: Population preferences and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan

Variable

Willing to Pay

Unadjusted

Adjusted

No

Yes

COR (95%CI)

P

aOR (95%CI)

P

Age

  < 20

78 (31.2)

172 (68.8)

1.00

   

 21–30

81 (26.1)

229 (73.9)

1.28 (0.89–1.85)

0.286

  

 31–40

12 (33.3)

24 (66.7)

0.91 (0.43–1.91)

0.797

  

 41–50

7 (38.9)

11 (61.1)

0.71 (0.27–1.90).

0.500

  

  > 51

5 (45.5)

6 (54.5)

0.54 (0.16–1.84)

0.327

  

Gender

 Female

81 (28.9)

199 (71.1)

1.03 (0.73–1.45)

0.862

  

 Male

102 (29.6)

243 (70.4)

1.00

   

Marital Status?

 Married

34 (30.9)

76 (69.1)

0.91 (0,58–1.43)

0.679

  

 Unmarried

149 (28.9)

366 (71.1)

1.00

   

Residence?

 Urban

145 (28.0)

372 (72.0)

1.39 (0.89–2.16)

0.239

  

 Rural

38 (35.2)

70 (64.8)

1.00

   

Education?

 No formal education

8 (53.3)

7 (46.7)

1.00

 

1.00

 

  ≤ 10 years

16 (59.3)

11 (40.7)

0.78 (0.22–2.80)

0.110

1.16 (0.27–5.06)

0.837

 11–12

60 (30.6)

136 (69.4)

2.59 (0.89–7.46)

0.078

3.32 (0.92–12.09)

0.066

  ≥ 13

99 (25.6)

288 (74.4)

3.32 (1.18–9.40)

0.024

4.37 (1.22–15.71)

0.023

Employment?

 Employed

38 (23.6)

123 (76.4)

1.47 (0.97–2.24)

0.067

1.14 (0.72–2.04)

0.176

 Non-Employed

145 (31.3)

319 (68.8)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Monthly Family Income?

  < 25,000

35 (31.8)

75 (68.2)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 25,000–50,000

78 (24.1)

246 (75.9)

1.47 (0.92–2.37)

0.111

1.21 (0.71–2.04)

0.483

  > 50,000

  

1.81 (1.49–2.33)

0.197

1.72 (1.42–2.24)

0.247

Do you have any COVID-related Symptoms?

 No

155 (30.8)

348 (69.2)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Not sure

19 (27.5)

50 (72.5)

1.17 (0.67–2.05)

0.179

1.41 (0.76–2.61)

0.270

 Yes

9 (17.0)

44 (83.0)

2.18 (1.04–4.57)

0.040

1.43 (0.64–3.17)

0.379

Have you been diagnosed with COVID-19 by a health professional?

 No

182 (30.3)

418 (69.7)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

1 (4.0)

24 (96.0)

10.45 (1.40–77.89)

0.022

13.05 (1.49–93.97)

0.020

Do you know any friend, family member, or colleague diagnosed with COVID-19?

 No

94 (33.9)

183 (66.1)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

89 (25.6)

259 (74.4)

1.45 (1.06–2.11)

0.023

1.05 (0.69–1.59)

0.204

Do you know any friend, family member, or colleague died due to COVID-19?

 No

136 (31.1)

301 (68.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

47 (25.0)

141 (75.0)

1.35 (0.92–1.99)

0.124

1.22 (0.78–1.90)

0.376

Do you have any chronic diseases? (Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Disease, etc.)

 No

168 (29.3)

405 (70.7)

1.00

   

 Yes

15 (28.8)

37 (71.2)

1.02 (0.56–1.91)

0.943

  

Overall Attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine

 Negative

61 (43.3)

80 (56.7)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Positive

122 (25.2)

362 (74.8)

2.26 (1.53–3.35)

< 0.001

2.23 (1.48–3.36)

< 0.001

  1. Variable with P < 0.2 were entered in multivariate logistic regression analysis. COR Crude odds Ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio
  2. P-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant