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Table 2 Death rates (per 100,000 person-years), lower and upper limits (LL, UL) of the 95% CIs, and number of deaths by leading cause of death among adults aged 35+ using a maximum of 10-year follow-upa

From: Modeling mortality risk effects of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco: results from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File Data

 

Current Smokers

Former Smokers

Never Smokers

Never Tobacco Users

All

Current SLT users

Former SLT users

Never SLT users

Current SLT users

Former SLT users

Never SLT users

Current SLT users

Former SLT users

Number of Participants

810

1976

48,587

728

1512

36,755

1786

1949

126,788

220,891

All-cause mortality

 Rate

1260.2

1486.7

1467.3

2362.1

1954.9

2046.4

1839.5

918.8

1174.3

1398.0

 95% CI: LL

920.2

1235.8

1411.8

1773.2

1609.8

1971.0

1508.0

722.9

1145.1

1371.7

 95% CI: UL

1600.1

1737.6

1522.8

2951.0

2300.0

2121.8

2171.0

1114.8

1203.6

1424.3

 Deaths

81

228

5262

131

229

5199

274

154

10,957

22,515

Smoking-related diseases b

 Rate

926.8

893.5

963.9

1712.3

1343.4

1249.1

984.5

523.9

669.6

841.5

 95% CI: LL

646.5

709.4

921.3

1190.1

1075.7

1191.0

780.0

374.8

648.5

821.8

 95% CI: UL

1207.1

1077.6

1006.5

2234.5

1611.0

1307.3

1189.0

673.1

690.6

861.3

 Deaths

63

144

3644

94

169

3385

173

95

6630

14,397

SLT-related diseases c

 Rate

840.2

723.1

806.7

1497.4

1173.7

1062.2

935.3

488.4

614.4

740.8

 95% CI: LL

566.5

557.5

768.1

995.9

917.1

1009.0

734.0

341.1

594.4

722.4

 95% CI: UL

1113.9

888.8

845.4

1998.8

1430.3

1115.4

1136.5

635.6

634.4

759.3

 Deaths

56

118

3086

79

144

2885

164

87

6113

12,732

Lung diseases excluding lung cancer d

 Rate

81.8*

160.1

147.4

187.5

153.7

171.1

44.8*

34.3*

52.6

94.8

 95% CI: LL

19.3

82.4

131.2

91.3

80.8

151.4

13.1

6.9

46.8

88.7

 95% CI: UL

144.2

237.9

163.7

283.7

226.6

190.8

76.5

61.8

58.3

100.9

 Deaths

7

26

558

15

25

500

9

8

517

1665

Other-cause mortality e

 Rate

310.3

549.3

465.7

560.2

548.7

722.7

789.1

378.5

479.0

520.7

 95% CI: LL

137.8

395.2

434.4

348.9

359.2

680.8

566.3

253.4

460.0

505.5

 95% CI: UL

482.8

703.4

496.9

771.5

738.3

764.6

1011.8

503.7

498.0

535.9

 Deaths

18

84

1618

37

60

1814

101

59

4327

8118

  1. a Excluding participants with missing tobacco-use status, poly-users, and users of other tobacco products including pipe, hookah, e-cigarettes, bidi, and cigars. Survey years: 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2012–2014
  2. b Smoking-related diseases: diseases of heart, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and influenza and pneumonia
  3. c SLT-related diseases: diseases of heart, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus
  4. d Lung diseases excluding lung cancer: chronic lower respiratory diseases, and influenza and pneumonia
  5. e Other-cause mortality: accidents, Alzheimer’s disease, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis, and all other causes
  6. * Estimates with relative standard error greater than 30%. Due to unreliable precision, these estimates should be interpreted with caution
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