Table 1 Study characteristics and domains of inclusion (n = 115)

 Anand et al. [19]

2017

Young men who have sex with men; Young transgender women

X

X

 Anand et al. [20]

2017

Gay men & other MSM; Transgender women

X

X

 Baral et al. [21]

2014

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Beaumont [22]

2006

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

 Boer & Emons [23]

2004

General population

X

X

 Burford & Kindon [24]

2015

MSM; Transgender

X

X

X

 Cadoso [25]

2009

Homosexual & other MSM; Bisexual men

X

X

 Cadoso [26]

2009

MSM; Bisexual men

X

X

 Cadoso & Werner [27]

2013

Heterosexual males

X

X

 Celentano [28]

2005

MSM

X

X

 Chariyalertsak et al. [29]

2011

Gay men; Bisexual men; Transgender women

X

X

 Cheung et al. [30]

2020

General population

X

X

 Claes [31]

2011

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

 Closson et al. [32]

2015

Gay men & other MSM; Heterosexuals

X

X

 Davis et al. [33]

2019

Transgender women sex workers

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Dunne et al. [34]

2019

Gay men & other MSM; Transgender women

X

X

X

 Enteen [35]

2007

Lesbian women

X

X

 Fongkaew [36]

2019

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

 Gooren et al. [37]

2013

Transgender women

X

X

X

 Gooren et al. [38]

2015

Transgender men; Transgender women

X

X

X

 Guadamuz [39]

2007

MSM; MSW; Transgender women

X

X

 Guadamuz et al. [40]

2019

SGM adolescents

X

X

X

 Guadamuz et al. [41]

2015

Young gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Guadamuz et al. [42]

2014

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Guadamuz et al. [43]

2011

MSM

X

X

X

 Hair et al. [44]

2019

Transgender women

X

X

X

 Halverson [45]

2017

Transgender women service providers

X

X

 In-iw [46]

2020

Young transgender men & women

X

X

 Jackson [47]

2002

LGBT+

X

X

 Jackson [48]

2011

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

 Janyam & Burrows [49]

2013

MSW; Transgender sex workers

X

X

X

 Johnson et al. [50]

2016

Young homosexual & other MSM

X

X

X

 Kaeng [51]

2011

LGBT+

X

X

 Käng [52]

2012

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

 Käng [53]

2014

LGBT+

X

X

 Khowadhana [54]

2001

Lesbian women

X

X

X

X

X

 Khumsaen & Stephenson [55]

2019

MSM

X

X

 Kittiteerasack et al. [56]

2020

LGBT+

X

X

X

 Laphon & Chuemchit [57]

2017

Transgender women

X

X

X

X

X

 Limaksorn [58]

2018

Lesbian women

X

X

 Logie et al. [59]

2016

Young gay men & other MSM; Young transgender women

X

X

X

 Magidson et al. [60]

2016

MSM; Heterosexual men & women

X

X

 Manalastas et al. [61]

2017

General population

X

X

X

 Mutchler [62]

2004

Gay men & other MSM; MSW

X

X

 Nemoto et al. [63]

2016

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

 Nemoto et al. [64]

2012

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

 Newman et al. [65]

2012

Gay men; Bisexual men; Transgender women

X

X

 Newman et al. [66]

2013

Gay men & other MSM; Transgender women

X

X

 Newman et al. [67]

2012

Gay men & other MSM; Transgender women; General population

X

X

X

X

 Noknoi & Wutthirong [68]

2007

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

X

 Ocha [69]

2013

Transgender sex workers

X

X

X

X

X

 Ojanen [70]

2009

Counsellors to LGBT+

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Ojanen et al. [71]

2019

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Ojanen et al. [72]

2020

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Phanuphak et al. [73]

2018

Gay men & other MSM (HIV+)

X

X

 Pongtriaang et al. [74]

2017

Gay men & other MSM; Transgender women

X

X

X

X

 Potiwan [75]

2011

Transgender women

X

X

X

 Samakkeekarom [76]

2011

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Sanders [77]

2011

LGBT+

X

X

X

X

 Sapsirisavat et al. [78]

2016

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

X

X

X

 Sapsirisavat et al. [79]

2016

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Sinnott [80]

2000

LGBT+

X

X

X

 Sinnott [16]

2007

Lesbian women (Dees, Toms)

X

X

 Sinnott [81]

2011

LGBT+

X

X

X

 Sopitarchasak et al. [82]

2017

Male adolescents

X

X

X

X

X

 Suwatcharapinum [83]

2005

Gay men

X

X

X

 Tangmunkongvorakul et al. [84]

2013

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

X

 Thianthai [85]

2019

LGBT+

X

X

 van Griensven et al. [86]

2004

LGBT; General population

X

X

X

X

 van Wijngaarden & Fongkaew [87]

2020

Transgender women

X

X

X

X

X

 van Wijngaarden & Ojanen [88]

2016

Gay men

X

X

X

 Walsh & Chaiyajit [89]

2012

Transgender

X

X

 Winter [90]

2008

Kathoey (Transgender women)

X

X

X

X

X

 Winter & Udomsak [91]

2002

Transgender women

X

X

 Yadegarfard et al. [92]

2013

Young transgender women

X

X

X

X

 Yadegarfard et al. [93]

2014

Young transgender women

X

X

X

 APCOM [94]

2012

MSM; Transgender people

X

X

 APCOM [95]

2015

MSM

X

X

 APF & UNDP [96]

2016

LGBTI

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 APTN [97]

2017

Trans people

X

X

X

 Beyrer et al. [98]

2011

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

 Cameron [99]

2006

Sex workers; Transgender people; MSM

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Center for Health Policy Studies, Mahidol University [100]

2016

Students (general population)

X

X

X

X

 Godwin [101]

2010

MSM; Transgender people

X

X

X

X

X

X

 ILO [102]

2005

LGBT+

X

X

 Kaleidoscope Human Rights Foundation [103]

2015

LGBTI people

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Kaleidoscope Human Rights Foundation [104]

2016

LGBTI people

X

X

X

X

 Mahidol University [105]

2014

LGBT students

X

X

X

X

 Newman et al. [106]

2019

LGBTIQ youth

X

X

X

X

X

 NHRC [107]

2007

LGBTI people

X

X

X

X

X

X

 OHCHR [108]

2011

LGBT individuals

X

X

X

X

X

X

 OHCHR [109]

2018

LGBTIQ people

X

X

X

X

X

 Prachatai [110]

2016

LGBTIQ

X

X

 Samakkeekarom & Taesombat [111]

2013

LGBT people

X

X

X

X

 Suksom [112]

2020

LGBTI people

X

X

 Suriyasarn [17]

2014

LGBT workers

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Taengkliang et al. [113]

2015

LGBTI persons

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Taylor et al. [114]

2017

Migrant workers (general population)

X

X

 The World Bank [115]

2016

General population

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 The World Bank [8]

2018

LGBTI people

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Tinnam et al. [116]

2019

LGBTIQN+

X

X

X

X

 Togetherness for Equality [117]

2017

Women & LBTI persons

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 U.S. Department of State [118]

2011

LGBT

X

X

X

X

X

 U.S. Department of State [119]

2012

LGBT

X

X

X

X

X

X

 U.S. Department of State [120]

2014

LGBT

X

X

X

X

X

 UNDP [7]

2019

LGBT people; Non-LGBT people

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 UNDP & ILO [121]

2018

LGBTI people

X

X

X

 UNDP & Ministry of Social Development and Human Security [122]

2018

LGBTI people

X

X

X

X

 UNDP & USAID [123]

2014

LGBT persons

X

X

X

X

X

X

 UNDP [124]

2020

Transgender women

X

X

 UNESCO [125]

2018

LGBTI students

X

X

X

X

X

X

 USAID & UNDP [126]

2011

MSM & Transgender persons

X

X

 van Wijngaarden [127]

2016

Gay men & other MSM

X

X

X

 Vanaspong & Kawesri [128]

2020

Women & LGBT people

X

X

 Winter et al. [129]

2018

Transgender men & women

X

X

X

X