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Table 2 Characteristics of respondents < 60 years only according to Depression status in the 2015–2016 NHANES data

From: Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults

Characteristics

<  60 years only

Depression Status† (n = 1887)

P

No

Yes

Sex

 Male

715 (38.7)

691 (97.0)

24 (3.0)

< 0.0001

 Female

1172 (61.3)

1098 (94.5)

74 (5.5)

 

Age (years)

38.2 ± 12.2

38.2 ± 12.2

39.6 ± 13.1

< 0.0001

Race

 Hispanics only

657 (21.11)

617 (94.3)

40 (5.7)

< 0.0001

 White only

409 (53.2)

392 (96.3)

17 (3.7)

 

 Black only

436 (14.0)

416 (95.7)

20 (4.3)

 

 Others

385 (11.7)

364 (93.2)

21 (6.8)

 

Education

  < High School

1724 (95.3)

1637 (95.4)

87 (4.6)

< 0.0001

  ≥ High School

161 (4.7)

150 (95.5)

11 (4.5)

 

Employed

 No

522 (22.7)

469 (91.0)

53 (9.0)

< 0.0001

 Yes

1329 (77.3)

1314 (96.7)

45 (3.3)

 

Annual Household Income

  ≤ $24,999

367 (13.6)

332 (91.0)

35 (9.0)

< 0.0001

  > $24,999

1767 (86.4)

1340 (96.1)

60 (3.9)

 

Marital Status

 Never married

404 (21.9)

365 (91.6)

39 (8.4)

< 0.0001

 Married*

1137 (69.9)

1101 (97.1)

36 (2.9)

 

 Widowed#

183 (8.2)

171 (91.2)

12 (8.8)

 

Alcohol use

 No

558 (23.7)

531 (95.6)

27 (4.4)

< 0.0001

 Yes

1328 (76.3)

1257 (95.4)

71 (4.6)

 
  1. † − Depression status was defined using the PHQ-9 depression scale
  2. * - married/living with partner, # - widowed/divorced/separated
  3. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using the t-test
  4. Categorical variables are presented as n(%) and compared using the x2 test