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Table 1 Characteristics of all respondents according to Depression status in the 2015–2016 NHANES data

From: Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults

Characteristics

All Respondents

Depression Status† (N = 2623)

P

No

Yes

Sex

 Male

958 (36.6)

922 (97.1)

36 (2.9)

< 0.0001

 Female

1665 (63.4)

1555 (94.3)

110 (5.7)

 

Age (years)

46.5 ± 17.9

46.4 ± 17.9

47.8 ± 17.7

< 0.0001

  <  60 years

1887 (74.5)

1789 (95.4)

98 (4.6)

< 0.0001

  ≥ 60 years

736 (25.5)

688 (95.0)

48 (5.0)

 

Race

 Hispanics only

911 (18.2)

846 (93.7)

65 (6.3)

< 0.0001

 White only

686 (58.8)

654 (96.0)

32 (4.0)

 

 Black only

554 (12.4)

527 (95.5)

27 (4.5)

 

 Others

472 (10.6)

450 (94.2)

22 (5.8)

 

Education

  < High School

2459 (96.4)

2325 (95.3)

134 (4.7)

< 0.0001

  ≥ High School

162 (3.5)

150 (95.3)

12 (4.7)

 

Employed

 No

1056 (34.7)

961 (92.3)

95 (7.7)

< 0.0001

 Yes

1559 (65.3)

1508 (96.9)

51 (3.1)

 

Annual Household Income

  ≤ $24,999

631 (16.5)

565 (88.6)

66 (11.4)

< 0.0001

  > $24,999

1806 (83.5)

1735 (96.7)

71 (3.3)

 

Marital Status

 Never married

448 (17.4)

405 (92.0)

43 (8.0)

< 0.0001

 Married*

1534 (67.1)

1479 (96.9)

55 (3.1)

 

 Widowed#

478 (15.5)

441 (92.2)

37 (7.8)

 

Alcohol use

 No

835 (24.8)

786 (95.4)

49 (4.6)

< 0.0001

 Yes

1784 (75.2)

1687 (95.3)

97 (4.7)

 
  1. † − Depression status was defined using the PHQ-9 depression scale
  2. * - married/living with partner, # - widowed/divorced/separated
  3. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using the t-test
  4. Categorical variables are presented as n(%) and compared using the x2 test