Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs)a of less good self-rated health, by occupational class and educational level, in four distinctive survey years
From: Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 1986–2016
Survey year | 1986b | 1995c | 2010d | 2016e | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ORa | 95% CI | ORa | 95% CI | ORa | 95% CI | ORa | 95% CI | |
Men | ||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme, aged 25–64) | ||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I+II) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) |
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 1.09 | (1.01–1.18) | 1.06 | (0.99–1.14) | 1.12 | (1.07–1.17) | 1.20 | (1.15–1.26) |
Manual workers (V+VI+VIIa) | 1.15 | (1.06–1.23) | 1.10 | (1.03–1.18) | 1.21 | (1.16–1.26) | 1.27 | (1.21–1.33) |
Farmers (IVc+VIIb) | 0.92 | (0.82–1.04) | 0.95 | (0.85–1.06) | 1.03 | (0.94–1.12) | 1.18 | (1.07–1.29) |
Self-employed (IVa+b) | 1.10 | (1.02–1.19) | 1.05 | (0.98–1.13) | 1.02 | (0.97–1.08) | 1.08 | (1.01–1.14) |
Educational level (aged 25–64) | ||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 1.22 | (1.18–1.27) | 1.34 | (1.29–1.38) | ||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 1.47 | (1.39–1.56) | 1.75 | (1.63–1.88) | ||||
Educational level (aged 65–94) | ||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 1.34 | (1.20–1.51) | 1.34 | (1.20–1.48) | ||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 1.48 | (1.31–1.66) | 1.54 | (1.38–1.72) | ||||
Women | ||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme, aged 25–64) | ||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I+II) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) |
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 1.08 | (1.00–1.16) | 1.08 | (1.02–1.15) | 1.06 | (1.01–1.10) | 1.11 | (1.07–1.16) |
Manual workers (V+VI+VIIa) | 1.12 | (1.03–1.21) | 1.14 | (1.06–1.23) | 1.19 | (1.12–1.26) | 1.34 | (1.27–1.43) |
Farmers (IVc+VIIb) | 0.95 | (0.84–1.07) | 1.05 | (0.94–1.19) | 1.00 | (0.90–1.11) | 1.25 | (1.12–1.40) |
Self-employed (IVa+b) | 1.01 | (0.91–1.11) | 1.03 | (0.93–1.13) | 0.93 | (0.85–1.02) | 0.86 | (0.78–0.96) |
Educational level (aged 25–64) | ||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 1.22 | (1.17–1.28) | 1.32 | (1.26–1.37) | ||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 1.74 | (1.61–1.88) | 2.03 | (1.87–2.21) | ||||
Educational level (aged 65–94) | ||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 1.25 | (1.09–1.43) | 1.24 | (1.11–1.40) | ||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 1.54 | (1.34–1.76) | 1.49 | (1.32–1.68) | ||||