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Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs)a of less good self-rated health among men and women, aged 25 to 64 (including occupational class) and aged 65 to 94: Pooled analysis between 1986 and 2016

From: Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 1986–2016

 

Men

Women

Aged 25–64

Aged 65–94

Aged 25–64

Aged 65–94

ORa

95% CI

ORa

95% CI

ORa

95% CI

ORa

95% CI

Survey yearb

 1986

1.00

(Reference)

1.00

(Reference)

1.00

(Reference)

1.00

(Reference)

 1989

0.86

(0.83–0.90)

0.98

(0.87–1.09)

0.85

(0.82–0.88)

0.97

(0.86–1.08)

 1992

0.73

(0.70–0.76)

0.78

(0.69–0.87)

0.69

(0.66–0.71)

0.78

(0.69–0.87)

 1995

0.69

(0.66–0.71)

0.71

(0.63–0.80)

0.64

(0.62–0.66)

0.69

(0.62–0.78)

 1998

0.89

(0.85–0.92)

0.91

(0.81–1.01)

0.84

(0.81–0.87)

0.87

(0.78–0.97)

 2001

0.98

(0.95–1.02)

1.01

(0.91–1.13)

0.93

(0.90–0.96)

0.95

(0.85–1.06)

 2004

0.94

(0.91–0.98)

1.00

(0.89–1.12)

0.86

(0.83–0.89)

0.94

(0.84–1.05)

 2007

1.18

(1.15–1.22)

1.24

(1.12–1.38)

1.09

(1.05–1.13)

1.13

(1.02–1.25)

 2010

1.23

(1.19–1.27)

1.19

(1.09–1.31)

1.10

(1.07–1.13)

1.07

(0.98–1.18)

 2013

1.15

(1.12–1.19)

1.08

(0.99–1.19)

1.03

(1.00–1.06)

0.93

(0.85–1.02)

 2016

1.12

(1.08–1.15)

1.06

(0.97–1.16)

1.00

(0.97–1.03)

0.90

(0.82–0.99)

Age (5-years)

 Age (reference: 25–29 years)

1.02

(1.02–1.02)

  

1.02

(1.02–1.02)

  

 Age (reference: 65–69 years)

  

1.04

(1.04–1.04)

  

1.04

(1.04–1.04)

Occupational class (EGP scheme)

 Upper non-manual workers (I+II)

1.00

(Reference)

  

1.00

(Reference)

  

 Lower non-manual workers (III)

1.10

(1.08–1.12)

  

1.07

(1.06–1.09)

  

 Manual workers (V+VI+VIIa)

1.15

(1.13–1.18)

  

1.17

(1.14–1.20)

  

 Farmers (IVc+VIIb)

0.99

(0.95–1.02)

  

1.05

(1.01–1.09)

  

 Self-employed (IVa+b)

1.06

(1.03–1.08)

  

0.97

(0.94–1.00)

  
  1. 95% CI 95% Confidence Interval, EGP scheme Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero scheme
  2. aOdds ratios (ORs) were calculated using proportional odds multiple logistic regression models, including age category (5-years), survey year (dummy variable), and occupational class (for men and women, aged 25 to 64 years) as covariates (Model 2). The odds ratio is the probability of less good self-rated health compared with the reference group or year
  3. bDummy variables of the survey year (0 = 1986, 10 = 2016) were included