Longitudinal measurement invariance in urbanization index of Chinese communities across 2000 and 2015: a Bayesian approximate measurement invariance approach

Table 8 Results of approximate scalar invariance model with prior variance of 0.01 for the differences in item intercepts of the Urbanicity Scale from 2006 to 2009

Item	ν		Deviations from the average ν		Δ
Item	Average	SD	2006	2009	Δ
Communication	6.44	0.09	−0.16*	0.16*	5.1%
Population density	5.97	0.10	−0.02	0.02	0.6%
Diversity	5.33	0.08	−0.09*	0.09*	3.3%
Economic activity	6.64	0.20	−0.01	0.01	0.4%
Health structure	5.41	0.15	−0.11*	0.11*	4.1%
Housing	7.35	0.15	−0.21*	0.21*	5.6%
Traditional market	4.88	0.22	0.01	−0.01	0.2%
Social services	3.45	0.17	−0.04	0.04	2.3%
Transportation	5.91	0.14	−0.01	0.01	0.5%
Education	3.47	0.10	−0.01	0.01	0.7%
Modern market	4.51	0.19	0.04	−0.04	1.7%
Sanitation	6.83	0.20	−0.04	0.04	1.1%

* p < 0.05; ν = item intercept; SD standard deviation; Δ = maximum proportional deviation from the average intercept across the 2006–2009 waves. The significant deviations from the average intercept are highlighted in bold

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