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Table 2 Descriptive statistics

From: Association between student-teacher ratio and teachers’ working hours and workload stress: evidence from a nationwide survey in Japan

 

Primary school

Lower-secondary school

 

(N=2761)

(N=3006)

 

Mean

Std. Dev.

Mean

Std. Dev.

Student-Teacher ratio (STR)

17.393

5.041

13.596

4.338

Gender (Male: 0, Female: 1)

0.401

0.490

0.589

0.492

Employment status (Fixed-term: 0, Permanent: 1)

0.937

0.242

0.907

0.291

Teaching experience (Years)

16.759

11.845

17.037

11.805

School type (Public: 0, Private: 1)

0.015

0.121

0.101

0.301

Work hours per week (Hours)

    

Total

54.152

14.237

55.970

18.132

Teaching

22.871

8.461

17.753

8.134

Preparation of lessons

8.507

7.184

8.369

7.001

Team work and dialogue with colleagues

4.068

3.355

3.606

3.430

Marking/correcting of student work

4.811

4.236

4.303

4.156

Counselling students

1.266

2.286

2.388

3.553

Participation in school management

3.140

5.432

2.868

5.012

General administrative work

5.122

6.345

5.568

6.757

Professional development activities

0.691

2.503

0.681

2.126

Communication and co-operation with parents

1.225

1.538

1.230

2.092

Engaging in extracurricular activities

0.570

1.970

7.586

7.686

Other work tasks

1.864

4.175

2.782

5.530

Workload stress

9.797

2.230

9.166

2.005

Workplace well-being and stress

9.225

2.128

9.334

2.155

Job satisfaction

12.297

1.922

11.998

1.954