From: Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) validation in a sample of Lebanese adolescents
 | Original sample (N = 1810) | Sample 1 (N = 449) | Sample 2 (N = 243) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
 Male | 844 (46.7%) | 209 (46.5%) | 70 (17.4%) |
 Female | 963 (53.3%) | 240 (53.5%) | 333 (82.6%) |
Smoking status | |||
 Non-smokers | 1342 (74.1%) | – | – |
 Exclusive cigarette smokers | 395 (21.9%) | – | – |
 Exclusive waterpipe smokers | 449 (24.9%) | 449 (100%) | 243 (100%) |
 Dual (cigarette and waterpipe) smokers | 376 (20.8%) | – | – |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Age (years) | 15.42 ± 1.14 | 15.14 ± 1.13 | 16.55 ± 0.97 |