Fig. 1

Study model and structural equation model results. Note: All the paths were predicted; those represented by a dotted line were not statistically significant (χ² = 396.28; df = 159; P < .000; comparative fit index = .904; root mean standard error of approximation = .049). The mediators and outcome were measured at the same time point (the follow-up test at 5 to 9 months). *P < .00., **P < .050