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Table 1 Age-standardized DALY rates (per 100,000 population) of vision loss due to refraction disorders by GBD Super Region, 1990 and 2019, the Global Burden of Disease Study

From: Global, regional, and national prevalence, disability adjusted life years, and time trends for refraction disorders, 1990–2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

GBD Super Region 1990 2019
All vision loss Moderate vision loss Serve vision loss Blindness All vision loss Moderate vision loss Serve vision loss Blindness
Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both Female Male Both
High-income 56.14 57.52 57.2 38.29 41.87 40.26 16.36 14.36 15.55 1.49 1.29 1.39 54.14 55.76 55.14 37.7 41.26 39.58 15.27 13.46 14.45 1.17 1.04 1.1
High-income Asia Pacific 47.35 51.65 49.59 32.48 35.98 34.29 13.06 14.17 13.65 1.81 1.49 1.65 46.7 50.9 48.9 32.54 36.13 34.41 12.73 13.62 13.2 1.42 1.15 1.28
Western Europe 66.79 70.26 69.07 44.81 51.53 48.46 20.15 17.21 18.95 1.83 1.51 1.67 64.39 68.26 66.62 43.9 50.84 47.54 19.06 16.23 17.77 1.42 1.19 1.3
Australasia 51.99 53.86 53.06 38.4 41.5 40 12.43 11.35 11.98 1.17 1.01 1.09 52.35 53.68 53.06 38.98 41.93 40.45 12.4 10.91 11.7 0.97 0.83 0.9
High-income North America 42.5 40.65 41.82 29.71 30.21 30.05 12.02 9.67 11 0.77 0.76 0.77 42.12 40.52 41.44 29.95 30.31 30.18 11.44 9.44 10.52 0.72 0.77 0.74
Southern Latin America 77.37 75.6 76.85 53.64 54.01 54.05 21.8 19.72 20.9 1.93 1.87 1.89 72.19 70.63 71.72 51.46 51.87 51.87 19.28 17.32 18.42 1.45 1.44 1.44
Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia 79.75 65.74 74.03 59.02 50.35 55.34 19.65 14.11 17.52 1.09 1.28 1.18 76.88 63.94 71.24 57.62 49.33 53.91 18.21 13.49 16.25 1.04 1.12 1.08
Central Europe 56.7 43.15 50.7 44.42 33.94 39.74 11.71 8.75 10.44 0.57 0.46 0.52 55.28 42.35 49.4 43.2 33.25 38.64 11.56 8.66 10.28 0.52 0.44 0.49
Eastern Europe 91.73 78.71 86.47 67.12 60.91 64.3 23.61 16.18 20.89 1 1.63 1.28 89.1 76.67 83.7 66.33 60.01 63.36 21.92 15.33 19.27 0.85 1.33 1.07
Central Asia 76.97 71.19 74.29 55.12 48.49 52.18 19.23 20.78 19.79 2.62 1.91 2.32 72.54 66.6 69.75 52.55 46.35 49.72 17.6 18.54 17.94 2.4 1.71 2.09
Latin America and Caribbean 122.82 107.63 115.38 77.46 66.34 71.99 35.79 32.77 34.31 9.56 8.53 9.07 111.81 98.08 105.01 73.27 63.17 68.24 31.67 28.9 30.3 6.87 6.01 6.47
Andean Latin America 133.71 102.49 118.42 83.42 69.09 76.36 32.96 21.86 27.55 17.33 11.53 14.51 122.57 96.29 109.62 81 68.28 74.64 30.79 20.37 25.72 10.78 7.64 9.25
Caribbean 80.7 67.99 74.44 55.44 45.18 50.38 20.52 18.01 19.3 4.74 4.8 4.77 74.13 62.49 68.37 52.02 43.06 47.56 18.36 15.8 17.11 3.75 3.64 3.69
Central Latin America 117.66 106.41 112.15 71.07 59.78 65.56 35.36 37.91 36.57 11.22 8.72 10.03 103.28 94.12 98.66 65.98 55.76 60.94 30.07 32.28 31.03 7.22 6.08 6.7
Tropical Latin America 137.6 121.61 129.72 88.72 78.14 83.46 41.27 34.79 38.16 7.61 8.68 8.11 127.2 111.26 119.31 84.41 74.57 79.45 36.55 30.65 33.71 6.24 6.04 6.15
Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania 84.66 74.82 79.97 47.51 42.58 45.09 23.92 20.32 22.24 13.23 11.93 12.65 80.17 70.11 75.27 48.38 42.48 45.44 21.63 18.24 20.03 10.15 9.39 9.81
East Asia 83.27 70.8 77.36 43.59 37.89 40.82 25.3 19.86 22.76 14.37 13.05 13.77 79.86 66.81 73.49 45.15 37.84 41.5 23.24 18.12 20.79 11.47 10.84 11.2
Southeast Asia 84 85.67 84.61 55.6 55.36 55.35 18.76 22 20.22 9.64 8.31 9.04 72.76 73.42 72.88 51.02 50.45 50.61 15.15 17.5 16.2 6.59 5.47 6.08
Oceania 84.24 83.91 84.05 72.98 72.73 72.84 8.93 9.03 8.97 2.33 2.15 2.24 86.15 84.09 85.07 74.77 73.4 74.05 9.53 9.05 9.28 1.84 1.65 1.74
North Africa and Middle East 121.92 112.63 117.17 69.29 64.64 66.91 42.69 39.08 40.85 9.93 8.91 9.41 106.4 98.07 102.1 65.15 61.21 63.11 34.4 30.91 32.6 6.85 5.95 6.39
South Asia 233.65 202.19 217.17 126.18 112.68 119.06 69.26 57.81 63.28 38.21 31.71 34.83 164.42 150.29 157.24 97.92 91.4 94.5 48.02 41.45 44.77 18.48 17.44 17.97
Sub-Saharan Africa 64.57 62.47 63.48 33.53 32.54 33 23.02 22.1 22.54 8.03 7.83 7.93 64.06 61.52 62.82 34.78 33.24 34.03 22.47 21.28 21.9 6.81 7 6.89
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa 61.27 63.01 62.09 29.71 29.58 29.63 22.53 23.86 23.16 9.03 9.58 9.3 54.31 55.87 55 28.12 27.81 27.94 19.15 20.3 19.68 7.04 7.76 7.39
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa 75.33 75.62 75.3 40.25 42.59 41.2 29.82 28.43 29.14 5.26 4.6 4.96 69.26 69.99 69.34 37.49 40.17 38.51 27.31 25.47 26.43 4.45 4.36 4.4
Western Sub-Saharan Africa 63.18 59.59 61.3 30.99 30.69 30.79 22.38 20.07 21.2 9.81 8.83 9.31 69.89 65.78 67.92 35.95 34.88 35.43 25 22.41 23.76 8.94 8.49 8.73
Central Sub-Saharan Africa 67.1 59.58 63.58 47.71 40.8 44.49 18.02 17.58 17.81 1.37 1.2 1.29 66.69 57.76 62.57 47.65 39.95 44.15 17.87 16.78 17.31 1.17 1.02 1.1
  1. All vision loss equaled to the sum of different stages of vision loss. DALYs disability adjusted life years, GBD Global Burden of Disease
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