Table 2 Overview of findings

Individual

Intrinsic

Ageing limitations: reduction of hearing, sight, memory, and fine motor control [34, 36,37,38,39].

Perceived self-efficacy [35, 38, 40, 41].

Lacking confidence in e-health [42].

Fear and dislike of technology [37].

No interest in learning [37, 42].

Desire to learn [34, 36,37,38, 41].

Motivation to make a lifestyle change [19, 43].

Altruism: wanting to contribute to scientific progress [19, 41, 43].

Extrinsic

Lack of experience/skills with e-health [35, 37] or technology [36, 38, 41].

Lack of knowledge of e-health [34, 35].

Previous negative experience [40].

Unmet expectations [37].

Lack of need to change [34, 36, 37, 39].

Fear that traditional services my perish [37].

Disbelief in efficacy of e-health [37, 39, 42].

Lack of external accountability [44, 45].

Inability to incorporate into routine [44].

Required effort [35, 38].

Cultural limitations such as language barriers and e-health detracting from time with family [38].

Belief that e-health services are of benefit [19, 34, 37, 40].

Convenience of e-health [45].

Ability to incorporate into current routine [40, 44, 46].

Previous experience and skills [19, 35, 36, 40].

Previous experience with e-health and required skills [19, 35, 36, 40].

Positive experience with technology generally [37].

Opportunity to learn new information [43].

Technological

Functional

Small screen and text [44].

Small icons, lack of colour contrast [36].

Complex functionality [42].

Poor functionality [35, 37, 41].

Ease of use such as audio feedback, and large and clear visual display [35, 36, 40, 41].

Content

Lack of alerts [41].

Alert fatigue: reminders/emails/texts [46].

Condescending and impersonalized communication, inability to respond to reminders [46].

Overwhelming and difficult to understand content [35, 38].

Too much content on one page [44]

Personalized content [37, 44,45,46].

Use of reminders/alerts [41, 44, 46].

Use of images [46].

Availability

Lack of access to electronic equipment [38]

Cost of electronic equipment and internet service [34, 36].

Free or low-cost electronic equipment [36].

Relational

Technological Support

No training/support to learn [36, 38].

No one to help troubleshoot issues [41].

Reliance on family for guidance, and lack of family’s patience and understanding while learning [38].

Training/support to learn [36,37,38,39, 41].

Dedicated coach for training and continued support [41].

Peer-to-peer platform to share experiences [44].

Option for family/carer to provide support [34].

Social Support

Lack of social interaction [37, 45].

Absence of interpersonal communication [35].

Communication through technology considered an ‘inauthentic experience’ [35].

Socially inclusive and community-based information [38].

Environmental

Location

Poor/unreliable internet [45].

Availability to rural/remote populations [45].

Organizational

Privacy

Health information concerns [35, 42, 46].

Trust

Unknown accuracy of information [37, 38, 42].

Not knowing who people are communicating with [35].

Concern over management of emergency situations [37].

Concern over Western Medicine’s prioritization of medication [38].

Recommandation from physician [36, 43].

Content designed by experts in the field [45].

Access to specialists through platform [34].

Authenticity: platform with clear credentials [35].

Data sharing

Lack of communication between health platforms [37].

Sharing of health information between health care providers [39, 44, 46].