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Table 4 Incidece rate ratio of injury-related ED visits due to cause-specific injury by food insecurity status in overall sample

From: Examining the relationship between food insecurity and causes of injury in Canadian adults and adolescents

 

Food-secure

Marginal FI

Moderate FI

Severe FI

Unadjusted

 Intentional injuries

reference

2.76 (1.84–4.14)

3.95 (2.98–5.22)

6.53 (4.86–8.76)

  Self-harm

reference

3.05 (1.45–6.41)

3.67 (2.19–6.15)

6.18 (3.61–10.60)

  Violence

reference

2.63 (1.70–4.09)

4.07 (2.92–5.65)

6.67 (4.69–9.49)

 Non-intentional injuries

reference

1.16 (1.08–1.26)

1.40 (1.30–1.50)

1.79 (1.65–1.95)

  Fall

reference

1.12 (0.97–1.28)

1.35 (1.21–1.51)

1.76 (1.53–2.02)

   On same level

reference

1.16 (0.95–1.42)

1.25 (1.06–1.47)

1.43 (1.15–1.77)

   On stairs

reference

1.21 (0.84–1.75)

1.88 (1.45–2.42)

2.68 (1.98–3.62)

   Others

reference

1.04 (0.84–1.28)

1.30 (1.10–1.55)

1.83 (1.49–2.24)

  Medical complication

reference

0.92 (0.71–1.18)

1.32 (0.96–1.81)

1.57 (1.22–2.03)

   Surgical

reference

0.95 (0.70–1.31)

1.26 (0.90–1.76)

1.63 (1.23–2.17)

   Non-surgical

reference

0.86 (0.57–1.31)

1.40 (0.78–2.51)

1.49 (0.94–2.34)

  Struck-by

reference

1.35 (1.10–1.65)

1.56 (1.33–1.83)

1.99 (1.47–2.71)

   Falling objects

reference

1.39 (0.87–2.23)

1.53 (1.03–2.27)

1.68 (1.00–2.80)

   In sports

reference

1.15 (0.80–1.67)

1.06 (0.76–1.46)

0.77 (0.47–1.28)

      In non-sports

reference

1.48 (1.12–1.96)

1.97 (1.59–2.43)

3.06 (2.05–4.57)

  Transport

reference

1.36 (1.07–1.73)

1.47 (1.19–1.83)

2.07 (1.55–2.75)

   Pedestrian or cyclist

reference

1.28 (0.77–2.11)

1.87 (1.15–3.05)

1.91 (1.20–3.04)

   Motor vehicle

reference

1.37 (1.03–1.82)

1.29 (1.01–1.65)

2.15 (1.52–3.04)

  Overexertion

reference

1.14 (0.92–1.42)

1.56 (1.32–1.85)

1.81 (1.45–2.25)

  Animal bite or sting

reference

1.26 (0.90–1.77)

1.25 (0.91–1.71)

1.92 (1.37–2.70)

  Skin piercing

reference

1.18 (0.75–1.85)

1.11 (0.77–1.60)

2.15 (1.50–3.10)

  Poisoning

reference

0.96 (0.44–2.08)

1.74 (0.88–3.43)

1.87 (0.90–3.87)

  Other non-intentional injuries

reference

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

1.34 (1.19–1.52)

1.76 (1.55–2.00)

Adjusted

 Intentional injuries

reference

1.37 (0.91–2.05)

1.54 (1.14–2.10)

1.81 (1.29–2.53)

  Self-harm

reference

1.61 (0.77–3.34)

1.51 (0.84–2.72)

1.87 (1.03–3.40)

  Violence

reference

1.27 (0.81–2.00)

1.56 (1.09–2.21)

1.79 (1.19–2.67)

 Non-intentional injuries

reference

1.01 (0.92–1.10)

1.14 (1.06–1.24)

1.34 (1.22–1.46)

  Fall

reference

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

1.22 (1.08–1.37)

1.43 (1.24–1.65)

   On same level

reference

1.10 (0.90–1.35)

1.11 (0.94–1.32)

1.15 (0.92–1.45)

   On stairs

reference

1.16 (0.80–1.68)

1.71 (1.30–2.26)

2.24 (1.62–3.10)

   Others

reference

1.00 (0.81–1.24)

1.18 (0.98–1.42)

1.49 (1.20–1.85)

  Medical complication

reference

0.83 (0.54–1.27)

1.12 (0.77–1.61)

1.39 (1.06–1.82)

   Surgical

reference

0.84 (0.53–1.33)

1.05 (0.70–1.59)

1.32 (0.94–1.85)

   Non-surgical

reference

0.83 (0.44–1.55)

1.17 (0.61–2.27)

1.49 (0.99–2.25)

  Struck-by

reference

1.06 (0.86–1.30)

1.20 (1.01–1.43)

1.43 (1.07–1.91)

   Falling objects

reference

1.15 (0.72–1.84)

1.20 (0.78–1.83)

1.19 (0.69–2.04)

   In sports

reference

0.97 (0.67–1.41)

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

0.89 (0.52–1.52)

   In non-sports

reference

1.14 (0.86–1.52)

1.40 (1.11–1.75)

1.83 (1.26–2.66)

  Transport

reference

1.03 (0.81–1.32)

1.05 (0.85–1.31)

1.29 (0.94–1.75)

   Pedestrian or cyclist

reference

0.87 (0.52–1.45)

1.15 (0.73–1.83)

1.00 (0.58–1.74)

   Motor vehicle

reference

1.06 (0.80–1.42)

0.95 (0.73–1.23)

1.38 (0.96–1.99)

  Overexertion

reference

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

1.25 (1.04–1.50)

1.31 (1.04–1.66)

  Animal bite or sting

reference

1.27 (0.90–1.80)

1.20 (0.86–1.68)

1.60 (1.08–2.36)

  Skin piercing

reference

1.05 (0.67–1.65)

0.99 (0.68–1.45)

1.80 (1.21–2.66)

  Poisoning

reference

0.62 (0.10–3.88)

1.16 (0.35–3.86)

1.65 (1.05–2.59)

  Other non-intentional injuries

reference

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

1.09 (0.96–1.23)

1.32 (1.15–1.52)

  1. Notes: ED = emergency department. FI = food insecurity. The “adjusted” Poisson models controlled for sex, age, race-ethnicity, immigrant status, household income, income imputation status, highest education in household, housing tenure, household type, jurisdiction of residence, smoking status, past-year alcohol consumption, CCHS cycle, and number of ED visits in the year before