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Table 1 Frequency distribution of the consumption of vitamin A supplementation status according to selected characteristics in Rural and Urban areas of Bangladesh

From: Rural-urban determinants of vitamin a deficiency among under 5 children in Bangladesh: Evidence from National Survey 2017–18

Characteristics of the study sample

Vitamin A capsule consumption status

Urban children

Rural children

No (%)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

Division (a*, b**)

 Barisal

65 (24.9)

196 (75.1)

180 (29.9)

422 (70.1)

 Chittagong

114 (23.8)

366 (76.3)

228 (25.2)

678 (74.8)

 Dhaka

211 (29.8)

496 (70.2)

161 (30.4)

369 (69.6)

 Khulna

71 (22.3)

248 (77.7)

150 (27.4)

397 (72.6)

 Mymensing

55 (21.9)

196 (78.1)

185 (25.1)

553 (74.9)

 Rajshahi

76 (29.1)

185 (78.1)

153 (25.1)

456 (74.9)

 Rangpur

71 (25.2)

211 (74.8)

145 (22.4)

503 (77.6)

 Sylhet

97 (27.7)

253 (72.3)

259 (29.7)

614 (70.3)

Religion (a*, b**)

 Islam

711 (26.6)

1961 (73.4)

1364 (27.3)

3624 (72.7)

 Other than Islam

49 (20.5)

190 (79.5)

97 (20.9)

368 (79.1)

Sex of household head (a, b)

 Male

689 (26.2)

1945 (73.8)

1268 (27.1)

3416 (72.9)

 Female

71 (25.6)

206 (74.4)

193 (25.1)

576 (74.9)

Wealth index (a*, b)

 Poorest

86 (28.1)

220 (71.9)

422 (27.7)

1102 (72.3)

 Poor

66 (27.6)

173 (72.4)

387 (26.9)

1052 (73.1)

 Middle

101 (26.0)

287 (74.0)

301 (27.3)

802 (72.7)

 Richer

221 (28.4)

557 (71.6)

230 (26.2)

647 (73.8)

 Richest

286 (23.8)

914 (76.2)

121 (23.7)

389 (76.3)

Child’s sex (a*, b)

 Male

381 (26.0)

1083 (74.0)

756 (26.1)

2136 (73.9)

 Female

379 (26.2)

1068 (73.8)

705 (27.5)

1856 (72.5)

Age of Child (a***, b***)

 06–12 months

91 (30.3)

209 (69.7)

191 (29.4)

459 (70.6)

 13–24 months

88 (15.5)

481 (84.5)

184 (16.6)

923 (83.4)

 25–36 months

68 (12.3)

487 (87.7)

190 (18.0)

863 (82.0)

 37–48 months

115 (21.5)

420 (78.5)

197 (19.0)

840 (81.0)

 49–59 months

111 (19.9)

446 (80.1)

209 (21.8)

748 (78.2)

Number of children (a*, b***)

 1 child

470 (25.2)

1395 (74.8)

756 (24.2)

2363 (75.8)

 2 child

186 (26.5)

516 (73.5)

447 (28.9)

1099 (71.1)

 3 or more child

34 (33.0)

69 (67.0)

94 (30.4)

215 (69.6)

Mother’s age (a***, b***)

 15–20 years

159 (33.4)

317 (66.6)

338 (32.2)

713 (67.8)

 21–25 years

253 (25.8)

728 (74.2)

523 (26.6)

1446 (73.4)

 26–30 years

182 (22.8)

615 (77.2)

364 (26.2)

1027 (73.8)

 31–35 years

116 (26.0)

331 (74.0)

166 (22.5)

571 (77.5)

 35 or more years

50 (23.8)

160 (76.2)

70 (23.0)

235 (77.0)

Mother’s education (a***, b**)

 No education

61 (31.4)

133 (68.6)

118 (29.1)

287 (70.9)

 Primary

223 (30.7)

504 (69.3)

485 (28.8)

1198 (71.2)

 Secondary

306 (24.2)

958 (75.8)

703 (26.3)

1974 (73.7)

 Higher

170 (23.4)

556 (76.6)

155 (22.5)

533 (77.5)

Father’s education (a**, b*)

 No education

103 (32.3)

216 (67.7)

250 (26.9)

678 (73.1)

 Primary

225 (27.0)

608 (73.0)

544 (27.7)

1422 (72.3)

 Secondary

235 (26.1)

667 (73.9)

473 (27.4)

1253 (72.6)

 Higher

182 (22.8)

618 (77.3)

169 (22.6)

578 (77.4)

Breastfeeding status (a***, b***)

 No

247 (18.7)

1075 (81.3)

409 (19.7)

1672 (80.3)

 Yes

513 (32.3)

1076 (67.7)

1052 (31.2)

2320 (68.8)

  1. arepresent the significance level associated with rural area children;
  2. brepresent the significance level associated with urban area children;
  3. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; and ***p < 0.01