Condition | Definition | Prevalence (%) |
---|---|---|
Atopy | Positive (wheal > 3 mm) on skin prick tests for common allergens (dust-mites, grasses, moulds, cat hair, dog dander) | 54.4 |
Arthritis | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 25.1 |
Bowel disease | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed colonic polyps, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome or diverticular disease | 23.3 |
Liver disease | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver or ALT > 40 U/L in men or > 35 U/L in women | 23.1 |
Depression/anxiety | Current treatment or PHQ9 or GAD7 scores indicative of current depression or anxiety, respectively | 20.5 |
Bronchitis | Self-reported chronic cough or phlegm on most days for > 3 months each year | 17.6 |
Eye condition | Self-reported macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, non-diabetes related serious eye condition resulting in loss of vision | 14.6 |
Asthma | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma | 14.2 |
Heart disease | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed angina, cardiac pacemaker, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty or stent, or bypass surgery or Abnormal ECG | 9.7 |
Thyroid disease | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 8.6 |
Low back pain | Current self-reported chronic low back pain lasting > 3 months and Oswestry Disability Index > 12 | 8.5 |
Skin cancer | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 8.2 |
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea | Apnoea hypopnea index > 19^ or, if not available, self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 8.1 |
Hearing impairment | Audiometry best ear 4-frequency average > 25 dB* or, if not available, hearing impairment affecting daily life frequently/constantly | 7.1 |
Diabetes | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes (not only during pregnancy) or fasting blood glucose > 7.0 mmol/L or glycosylated haemaglobin (HbA1c) > 6.5% | 7 |
Cancer (non-skin cancer) | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 6.7 |
COPD | Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and FEV1% predicted < 80% or, if spirometry not available, self-reported doctor-diagnosed COPD | 5.7 |
Kidney disease | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed kidney disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min | 5.2 |
Osteoporosis | DXA measured femur or AP spine T-score ≤ − 2.5^^ or, if not available, self-reported doctor-diagnosed | 3.4 |
Stroke | Self-reported doctor-diagnosed stroke, TIA or carotid surgery (endarterectomy or stent) | 2.1 |
Peripheral artery disease | Ankle brachial index < 0.9 for right or left side^^^ | 1.9 |