Work-related and personal factors in shoulder disorders among electronics workers: findings from an electronics enterprise in Taiwan

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing shoulder symptoms

	Shoulder symptoms		No shoulder symptoms		Univariate analysis			Multivariate model^d
	n	%	n	%	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Age (years)							0.04	1.37	1.01–1.86^a	0.04
> 40^e					1	–
≦40					1.36	1.02–1.82^a
Sex							0.03	1.03	0.74–1.43	0.85
Male^e					1	–
Female					1.39	1.03–1.88^a
Body mass index (kg/m²)					0.98	0.94–1.01	0.18
Psychological stress							0.15			0.30
Never^e					1	–		1	–
Some periods					1.31	0.79–2.19		1.28	0.76–2.16
Several periods					1.28	0.77–2.14		1.21	0.72–2.06
Permanent					2.15	1.10–4.21^a		1.91	0.95–3.84
Work-related physical fatigue							0.06
Never or almost never^e					1	–
Seldom					1.29	0.69–2.39
Quite often					1.78	0.97–3.27
Yes, nearly always					1.97	0.93–4.19
Repetition risk							< 0.01			< 0.01
No^e	111	39.1	360	55.6	1	–		1	–
Low	53	18.7	128	19.8	1.34	0.91–1.97		0.97	0.63–1.51
High	120	42.3	159	24.6	2.45	1.78–3.37^c		1.73	1.15–2.60^b
Posture risk							< 0.01			0.04
No^e	99	34.9	347	53.6	1	–		1	–
Low	93	32.8	162	25.0	2.01	1.43–2.82^c		1.61	1.06–2.45^a
High	92	32.4	138	21.3	2.34	1.65–3.30^c		1.85	1.10–3.11^a
Force risk							< 0.01			0.08
No^e	110	38.7	351	54.3	1	–		1	–
Low	74	26.1	115	17.8	2.05	1.43–2.95^c		1.38	0.91–2.12
High	100	35.2	181	28.0	1.76	1.27–2.44^b		0.86	0.54–1.38
Vibration risk							0.24
No^e	255	89.8	596	92.1	1	–
Yes	29	10.2	51	7.9	1.33	0.82–2.15

OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; ^ap < 0.05, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.0001; ^dMultivariable model included: independence of risk factors in the univariate analysis and no model selection; ^eReference group

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