| Shoulder symptoms | No shoulder symptoms |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 284 | n = 647 | p-value | ||
Repetition risk | |||||
 Repeating the same motions every few seconds | 135 | (47.5%) | 199 | (30.8%) | < 0.01 |
 A sequence of movements repeated more than twice per minute | 146 | (51.4%) | 220 | (34.0%) | < 0.01 |
 More than 50% of the cycle time involved in performing the same sequence of motions | 157 | (55.3%) | 249 | (38.5%) | < 0.01 |
Posture risk | |||||
 Large range of joint movement such as side to side or up and down | 59 | (20.8%) | 107 | (16.5%) | 0.12 |
 Awkward or extreme joint positions | 53 | (18.7%) | 54 | (8.3%) | < 0.01 |
 Joints held in fixed positions | 126 | (44.4%) | 169 | (26.1%) | < 0.01 |
 Stretching to reach items or controls | 115 | (40.5%) | 201 | (31.1%) | < 0.01 |
 Twisting or rotating items or controls | 113 | (39.8%) | 177 | (27.4%) | < 0.01 |
 Working overhead | 59 | (20.8%) | 90 | (13.9%) | < 0.01 |
Force risk | |||||
 Pushing, pulling, moving things (including with the fingers or thumb) | 140 | (49.3%) | 244 | (37.7%) | < 0.01 |
 Grasping/gripping | 146 | (51.4%) | 240 | (37.1%) | < 0.01 |
 Pinch grips i.e. holding or grasping objects between thumb and finger | 98 | (34.5%) | 177 | (27.4%) | 0.03 |
 Steadying or supporting items or work pieces | 78 | (27.5%) | 142 | (21.9%) | 0.07 |
 Shock and/or impact being transmitted to the body from tools or equipment | 35 | (12.3%) | 50 | (7.7%) | 0.03 |
 Objects creating localized pressure on any part of the upper limb | 50 | (17.6%) | 68 | (10.5%) | < 0.01 |
Vibration risk | |||||
 Use any powered hand-held or hand-guided tools or equipment/ hand-feed work pieces to vibrating equipment | 29 | (10.2%) | 51 | (7.9%) | 0.24 |