Operationalising the “One Health” approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control

Table 5 Policy visibility of important zoonotic diseases in India

Zoonotic disease	Status	Host involved	Existence of national programme		Notification status^a
Zoonotic disease	Status	Host involved	Human	Animal	Human	Animal
*Bacterial*
Anthrax	Endemic	Livestock, Humans and Wildlife	×	×	×	√
Brucellosis	Endemic	Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, Pigs and Humans	×	√	×	√
Tuberculosis	Endemic	Cattle, Humans	√	×	√	×
Leptospirosis	Re-emerging	Humans, Livestock and Rodents	√	×	√	×
Plague	Re-emerging	Rats, Cats, Humans	√	–	√	×
Scrub typhus	Re-emerging	Rodents, Humans	×	×	√	×
Salmonellosis	Re-emerging	Poultry, Livestock, Humans	×	×	×	×
*Viral*
Avian Influenza	Emerging	Poultry, Ducks, Humans	×	√	×	√
Chikungunya	Re-emerging	Rodents, Humans,	×	×	√	×
Crimean-Congo Heamorrhagic Fever (CCHF)	Emerging	Livestock, Humans	×	×	√	×
Dengue Fever	Emerging	Monkeys, Humans	√**	×	√	×
Japanese Encephalitis	Re-emerging	Rodents, Livestock, Humans	√**	×	√	×
Kyasanur Forest Disease	Re-emerging	Rodents, Shrews, Monkeys, Humans	×	×	√	×
Nipah	Emerging	Livestock, Bats, Humans	×	×	√	×
Rabies	Endemic	Dogs, Bats, Humans	×	√	×	√
*Protozoan*
Leishmaniasis	Endemic	Cats, Humans	√	×	√	×
Toxoplasmosis	Endemic	Cats, Ruminants, Humans	×	×	×	×
*Helminths*
Cysticercosis	Endemic	Cattle, Pigs, Humans	×	×	×	×
Echinococcosis	Endemic	Dogs, Livestock, Humans	×	×	×	×

√ Denotes presence of a specific (own) national programme
√* Denotes presence of national programme in select states/ cities
√** Denotes presence of a joint control programme
× Denotes absence of national programme
Source: Authors modification based on Asokan et al. [8]
^aNotification status of respective Diseases in under the IDSP/ NVBDCP (human health) and NADRS (animal health) reporting systems

ISSN: 1471-2458