Content / Appropriateness | Instruments (Short form) | Primary Outcome Parameter (type of data) | Domains | No of Items | Validity | Reliability | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health status | |||||||
Self-rated health status: a concept widely used in European surveys; considered as appropriate marker for overall health status [44] | Minimum European Health Module (MEHM1) | Self-rated health status (interval) | General subjectively perceived health status | 1 | n/a | Internal consistency: α = .74 | |
Quality of life (QoL): considered highly predictive to physical and psychological health status; widely used [48] | German version of the Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) | Self-rated quality of life (interval) | Subjectively perceived life satisfaction | 5 | Convergent validity: r = −.34 to r = −.49 | Internal consistency: α = .74 | |
Satisfaction with life and studies: context-specific marker; comparability with existing data [17] | Life and study satisfaction scale (German titel: Lebens- und Studien-zufriedenheitsskala) (LSZ) | Self-rated life and study satisfaction (interval) | General feeling of efficiency, relationship to others, satisfaction with oneself and one’s own academic performance | 7 | Criterion validity: r = −.51; r = −.55; | Internal consistency: α = .79 | |
Perceived stress: suitable marker for mental health [53] | German version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) | Self-rated stress (interval) | Subjectively perceived stress level | 10 | Construct validity: α = .95 to α = .96 | Internal consistency: α = .84 | [54] |
Sleeping behavior and sleep quality: high predictive value of various parameters reflecting health status [55, 56] | German version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality -Index (PSQI-D) | Self-rated quality of sleep, sleep duration and interruptions (interval, ratio) | Self-assessment of sleep duration, efficiency and quality | 19 | Sensitivity and specificity: α = .80 to α = 1.00 | Test-Retest: α = .89 | [57] |
Health-related behavior | |||||||
Physical activity: self-evaluation report of WRPA, TRPA, LRPAa and strengthening training; high level of physical activity correlates positively various parameters reflecting health status [58, 59] | European Health Interview Survey - Physical Activity Questionnaire (EHIS-PAQ) | Self-reported: - METxHours - Sitting time - Intensity of activity (interval, ratio) | Physical activity and inactivity at different levels of intensity (MVPA, VPAb) and domains (WRPA, TRPA, LRPAa) | 8 | Convergent validity: ρ > .41 | Test-Retest: ICC = .43 to ICC = .83 | [60] |
Screentime: usage duration, duration of use correlates negatively with various parameters reflecting health status [61, 62] | Screen Time (adapted to [55]) | Duration of screentime (ratio) | Self-evaluation report of daily screentime; orientation to threshold values for children and adolescents | 6 | n/a | Test-Retest: ICC = .50 to ICC = .90 | |
Nutritional behavior: compliance with the dietary recommendations of the German Nutrition Association (DGE) | Nutrition; based on the Questionnaire for recording health behavior (German title: Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Gesundeitsverhaltens) (FEG) | Self-rated nutrition behavior (nominal, ordinal) | Self-evaluation report on the achievement of and compliance with the dietary recommendations of the German Nutrition Association (DGE) | 13 | n/a | n/a | [65] |
Risk behavior (alcohol, smoking, addictive substances): self-evaluation report on risk thresholds for consuming critical substances (like nicotine, alcohol and addictive substances) [66, 67] | Brief Alcohol Screening Instrument in Medical Care (BASIC) | Amount and frequency of alcohol intake (nominal, ordinal) | Self-assessment on risk threshold for consuming alcohol | 6 | Diagnostic validity: Sensitivity α = .98; Specificity α = .88 | Internal consistency: α = .81 | [68] |
Smoking (based on FEG) | Amount and frequency of nicotine intake (nominal, ordinal, ratio) | Self-assessment on smoking behavior, smoking amount and duration of abstinence | 1–3 | n/a | n/a | [65] | |
Substance (based on FEG) | Amount and frequency of drug intake (ordinal) | Self-assessment on risk threshold for consuming addictive substances, drug amount and duration of abstinence | 7 | n/a | n/a | [65] | |
Health literacy | |||||||
Health literacy: widely validated construct with multiple reference data pools of European cohorts [69] | European short form of the Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q16) | Self-rated health literacy (interval) | Self-assessment on health literacy | 16 | Convergent validity: r = .86 | Internal consistency α = .78 to α = .97 |