Table 2 The Four-factor Structure of BPAPS

I cannot be physically active because of drowsiness.

I cannot be physically active because of lethargy/lack of energy.

I cannot be physically active because I do not have physical activity habits.

Pregnancy is a time for rest.

I cannot be physically active because of the heavy feeling of pregnancy (swelling and/or weight).

I cannot be physically active because of my abdominal size and appearance.

I cannot be physically active because of pain (such as back pain, hip pain, and/or headache).

I cannot be physically active because of shortness of breath.

I am concerned by possible pregnancy complications such as miscarriages and premature labor.

I cannot be physically active because of pregnancy gastrointestinal problems (such as nausea, vomiting, and heart burn).

Physical activity is too hard work for me.

I do not do physical activity because of a lack of confidence in my physical ability.

I do not have the patience to do physical activity.

I cannot be physically active because I do not have a regular schedule in life.

Because of family and childrearing responsibilities/activities I do not have enough time to do physical activity.

In our society, it is not customary for pregnant women to do physical activity.

I do not do physical activity because I do not have access to complete information about physical activity during pregnancy.

My friends and relatives forbid me from doing physical activity during pregnancy.

The physician/midwife does not provide advice on the benefits of physical activity during pregnancy.

The physician/midwife does not provide advice on how to do physical activity safely during pregnancy.

Air pollution prevents me from doing physical activity outdoors.

I do not do physical activity because I do not have access to a suitable vehicle for transportation.

It is difficult for me to do physical activity in unfavorable weather (too cold/hot).

I am not able to pay for physical activities.

There are no specific physical activity programs designed for pregnant women.

Parks are unsafe and unsuitable for pregnant women to do physical activity.

I do not do physical activity because of a lack of space at home.

There is too great a distance from my home to facilities designed for physical activity.

There are very few places for me to do physical activity.

Eigenvalue

Explained variance (%)

Cumulative variance (%)