Table 3 Self-Reported Hepatitis C Risk Factors Among Newly Reported Hepatitis C Cases 15–29 Years of Age in Eight Local Health Jurisdictions in California (Imperial, Lake, Monterey, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Cruz counties), Stratified by Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity, June–December, 2018

Responses to open-ended “How do you think you got HCV?”^a

n = 54

n = 59

N = 113^b

 Injection drug use

31

(57.4)

9

(15.3)

40

(35.4)

< 0.001

 Sexual transmission

7

(13.0)

12

(20.3)

19

(16.8)

0.297

 Transfusion/dialysis

0

(0.0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

–

 Nonprofessional tattoo/piercing

5

(9.3)

4

(6.8)

9

(8.0)

0.887

 Needlestick/other occupational exposure

1

(1.9)

6

(10.2)

7

(6.2)

0.144

 Maternal transmission

2

(3.7)

0

(0.0)

2

(1.8)

0.452

 Other household contact

3

(5.6)

3

(5.1)

6

(5.3)

> 0.999

 Other

1

(2.4)

1

(1.4)

2

(1.8)

> 0.999

 Don’t know

15

(27.8)

29

(49.2)

44

(32.7)

0.020

 Prior to diagnosis, thought they were at risk for HCV

24

(44.4)

13

(22.0)

37

(32.7)

0.011

 Non-professional tattoo or piercing

16

(29.6)

16

(27.1)

32

(28.3)

0.767

 Ever exchanged sex for drugs, money, or housing

3

(5.6)

1

(1.7)

4

(3.5)

0.553

 Ever been incarcerated > 24 h

22

(40.7)

9

(15.3)

31

(27.4)

0.002

 Received tattoo or piercing while incarcerated

5 / 22

(22.7)

4 / 9

(44.4)

9 / 31

(29.0)

0.434

 Injected drugs while incarcerated

9 / 22

(40.9)

3 / 9

(33.3)

12 / 31

(38.7)

> 0.999

 Shared injection equipment while incarcerated

9 / 9

(100.0)

3 / 3

(100.0)

12 / 12

(100.0)

–

 Ever injected drugs

31

(57.4)

10

(16.9)

41

(36.0)

< 0.001

 Ever used any drug to get high

41

(75.9)

20

(33.3)

61

(54.0)

< 0.001

Among Those Who Ever Used Any Drug to Get High

n = 41

n = 20

n = 61

 Used drugs in the past year

33

(80.5)

11

(55.0)

44

(72.1)

0.037

 Snorted drugs in the past year

23

(56.1)

7

(35.0)

30

(49.2)

0.122

 Shared snorting device in past year

17 / 23

(73.9)

7 / 7

(100.0)

24/30

(80.0)

0.340

 Smoked drugs (besides tobacco/marijuana) in past year

22

(53.7)

9

(45.0)

31

(50.8)

0.525

 Shared smoking device in past year

19 / 22

(86.4)

8 / 9

(88.9)

27/31

(87.1)

> 0.999

Among Those Who Ever injected drugs

n = 31

n = 10

n = 41

 Injected drugs in the past year

26

(83.9)

8

(80.0)

34

(82.9)

> 0.99

 Shared injection equipment in the past year

21

(67.7)

7

(70.0)

28

(68.3)

> 0.99

 Knowledge of accessible needle exchange

12

(38.7)

3

(30.0)

15

(36.6)

0.920

 Ever used a needle exchange to get injection supplies

13

(41.9)

2

(20.0)

15

(36.6)

0.386

 In county of residence?

11 / 13

(84.6)

2 / 2

(100.0)

13 / 15

(86.7)

> 0.999

 Ever had access to naloxone while injecting

21

(67.7)

5

(50.0)

26

(63.4)

0.313

 Ever needed naloxone but did not have access

13

(41.9)

5

(50.0)

18

(43.9)

0.655

 Ever witnessed an overdose

27

(87.1)

7

(70.0)

34

(82.9)

0.431

 Been prescribed methadone or buprenorphine for >21d

16

(51.6)

4

(40.0)

20

(48.8)

0.786