Table 1 Respondent characteristics in the two waves of data collection

 Female

416

74%

98

73%

χ²(2, N = 694) = 1.24; p = .54

 Male

143

26%

35

26%

 Diverse

1

0%

1

1%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%

Age (Mean, SD)

40.22

11.60

43.40

12.83

t(685) = −2.79; p < .01

 18–29

97

17%

20

15%

χ²(3, N = 687) = 9.87; p = .02

 30–49

319

57%

63

47%

 50–64

124

22%

45

34%

 65–79

13

2%

6

4%

 Missing

7

1%

0

0%

 Vienna

215

38%

62

46%

χ²(1, N = 694) = 2.80; p = .09

 Other federal states

345

62%

72

54%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%

 No migration background

489

87%

118

88%

χ²(1, N = 691) = 0.40; p = .53

 Migration background

66

12%

13

10%

 Missing

5

1%

3

2%

 Primary education

13

2%

4

3%

χ²(2, N = 694) = 3.97; p = .14

 Secondary education

245

44%

46

34%

 Higher education

302

54%

84

63%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%

 Housekeeping

28

5%

5

4%

χ²(6, N = 694) = 3.49; p = .74

 Student

37

7%

8

6%

 Employed

410

73%

95

70%

 Self-employed

37

7%

9

7%

 Unemployed

16

3%

4

3%

 Retired

25

4%

11

8%

 Missing

7

1%

2

2%

 Single

204

36%

49

37%

χ²(4, N = 694) = 0.28; p = .99

 Married or registered partnership

286

52%

69

51%

 Widowed

6

1%

1

1%

 Divorced

46

8%

10

8%

 Missing

18

3%

5

4%

 Yes

311

56%

77

57%

χ²(2, N = 694) = 1.07; p = .59

 No

245

44%

57

43%

 Missing

4

1%

0

0%

Direct Covid-19 experience

39

7%

8

6%

χ²(1, N = 694) = 0.17; p = .68

 Tested positive for Covid-19

7

1%

3

2%

 Experienced symptoms of Covid-19, not tested

32

6%

5

4%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%

Indirect Covid-19 experience^a

110

20%

73

58%

χ²(1, N = 694) = 67.58; p < .01

 Close friend tested positive for Covid-19

46

9%

50

40%

 Family member tested positive for Covid-19

32

6%

32

25%

 Knew someone who died of Covid-19

44

8%

25

20%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%

Quarantine or self-isolation in the past months^b

χ²(1, N = 694) = 8.61; p < .01

 Yes

23

4%

14

10%

 No

537

96%

120

90%

 Missing

0

0%

0

0%