From: Misclassification and characterization of exposure to humidifier disinfectants using a questionnaire
Variables | Overestimation group | Underestimation group | Others (true-assumed group) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Sex | Male | 193 | 52.9 | 150 | 43.6 | 1416 | 51.5 |
Female | 172 | 47.1 | 194 | 56.4 | 1329 | 48.4 | |
Unknown | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.1 | |
Age at damage (years) | < 10 | 90 | 24.7 | 195 | 56.7 | 790 | 28.8 |
10s | 12 | 3.3 | 3 | 0.9 | 71 | 2.6 | |
20s | 22 | 6.0 | 16 | 4.7 | 202 | 7.4 | |
30s | 41 | 11.2 | 80 | 23.3 | 535 | 19.5 | |
40s | 45 | 12.3 | 13 | 3.8 | 272 | 9.9 | |
50s | 52 | 14.2 | 12 | 3.5 | 290 | 10.6 | |
60s | 43 | 11.8 | 9 | 2.6 | 263 | 9.6 | |
≥70 | 33 | 9.0 | 3 | 0.9 | 148 | 5.4 | |
Unknown | 27 | 7.4 | 13 | 3.8 | 176 | 6.4 | |
Smoking status | Current smoker | 17 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 | 109 | 4.0 |
Former smoker | 88 | 24.1 | 17 | 4.9 | 511 | 18.6 | |
Never smoker | 260 | 71.2 | 322 | 93.6 | 2110 | 76.8 | |
Unknown | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1.5 | 17 | 0.6 | |
Survival status | Survival | 276 | 75.6 | 208 | 60.5 | 2300 | 83.7 |
Death | 89 | 24.4 | 136 | 39.5 | 447 | 16.3 | |
Job status | Employed | 147 | 40.3 | 74 | 21.5 | 1165 | 42.4 |
Unemployed | 216 | 59.2 | 193 | 56.1 | 1432 | 52.1 | |
Unknown | 2 | 0.5 | 77 | 22.4 | 150 | 5.5 | |
Ventilation status | Ventilated | 214 | 58.6 | 245 | 71.2 | 1192 | 61.2 |
Non-ventilated | 147 | 40.3 | 90 | 26.2 | 590 | 30.3 | |
Unknown | 4 | 1.1 | 9 | 2.6 | 165 | 6.0 | |
Sprayed amount | Least | 2 | 0.5 | 18 | 5.2 | 35 | 1.3 |
Slightly | 10 | 2.7 | 38 | 11.1 | 203 | 7.4 | |
Moderate | 169 | 46.3 | 180 | 52.3 | 1461 | 53.2 | |
Strong | 173 | 47.4 | 99 | 28.8 | 994 | 36.2 | |
Unknown | 11 | 3.0 | 9 | 2.6 | 54 | 2.0 | |
Disance between the humidifier and the face of subject | < 0.5 m | 131 | 35.9 | 51 | 14.8 | 752 | 27.4 |
0.5 m ≤ − < 1 m | 156 | 42.7 | 116 | 33.7 | 1052 | 38.3 | |
1 m ≤ − < 2 m | 62 | 17.0 | 120 | 34.9 | 728 | 26.5 | |
≥  2 m | 14 | 3.8 | 56 | 16.3 | 207 | 7.5 | |
Unknown | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.3 | |
Spraying direction | To breathing zone | 278 | 76.2 | 173 | 50.3 | 1841 | 67.0 |
To others | 82 | 22.4 | 151 | 43.9 | 857 | 31.2 | |
Unknown | 5 | 1.4 | 20 | 5.8 | 49 | 1.8 |