Do perceived social neighborhood factors explain the association between neighborhood age composition and mental health among Dutch older adults?

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Characteristics	Total (N = 1255)
Individual-level
MHI score, mean (SD)^a	73 (15)
Sex, female	51.3%
Missing	1.4%
Age in years, mean (SD)	73 (6)
Missing	0.0%
Marital status
Married or partnership	70.0%
Never been married	3.6%
Divorced	6.4%
Widowed	19.4%
Missing	0.7%
Education
Low	53.4%
Middle	15.7%
High	24.1%
Missing	6.8%
Household income (monthly)
≥ €2600	25.7%
€1800–2600	29.6%
€1200–1800	21.8%
< €1200	9.3%
Missing	13.5%
Social participation
Yes	74.1%
No	25.9%
Missing	0.0%
Neighborhood-level
Number of neighborhoods	215
Number of respondents in the neighborhood	1–53
HHI score, mean (SD)^b	77 (2)
Percentage of children (0–14 years), mean (SD)	16 (4)
Percentage of adolescents (15–24 year), mean (SD)	12 (3)
Percentage of young adults (25–44 year), mean (SD)	26 (7)
Percentage of middle-aged adults (45–65 year), mean (SD)	27 (5)
Percentage of older adults in the neighborhood (65+ year), mean (SD)	20 (9)
Missing	0.0%
Neighborhood income level, mean (SD) * 1000 Euro (yearly)	30 (7)
Missing	0.2%

MHI mental health 5-inventory, SD standard deviation, HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. ^a The MHI is assessed by the 5-item mental health inventory (MHI-5), range from 0 to 100 (a higher score indicating better mental health) ^b The HHI is defined as homogeneity of the neighborhood age structure (score from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates more homogeneity in neighborhood age structure). The percentages of specific age groups in a neighborhood can be interpreted as the mean percentage of all 215 neighborhoods. The neighborhood income level was defined as the average disposable personal income (*1000 Euro). The neighborhood income level can be interpreted as the mean neighborhood income level from all 215 neighborhoods. Individual perceptions of social neighborhood factors (‘social cohesion’ and ‘feeling at home’) were not included in this table because they were standardized factor scores (mean of 0, standard deviation of 1). The mean and standard deviations for the individual items that were used to construct the factor scores can be found in Supplementary File 1, Table S1

ISSN: 1471-2458