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Table 2 Consequences on mental health

From: Mental health impact among hospital staff in the aftermath of the Nice 2016 terror attack: the ECHOS de Nice study

 

Professional exposure only (n = 285)

Bystanders

(n = 203)

Unexposed (n = 316)

p-value

Na

(%)

Na

(%)

Na

(%)

PTSD (PCL 5)b

      

0.068

 Probable Full PTSD

19

(9.4)

17

(12.2)

–

–

 

 Probable Partial PTSD

36

(17.7)

37

(26.6)

–

–

 

 No PTSD

148

(72.9)

85

(61.2)

–

–

 

HAD Anxiety scale

      

0.611

  > 10 (probable anxiety)

29

(13.2)

21

(14.7)

24

(10.3)

 

 8–10 (possible anxiety)

46

(21.0)

34

(23.8)

48

(20.7)

 

  ≤ 7 (no anxiety symptoms)

144

(65.8)

88

(61.5)

160

(69.0)

 

HAD Depression scale

      

0.848

  > 10 (probable depression)

10

(4.6)

6

(4.1)

8

(3.5)

 

 8–10 (possible depression)

12

(5.5)

12

(8.2)

15

(6.5)

 

  ≤ 7 (no depression symptoms)

196

(89.9)

129

(87.8)

209

(90.1)

 

Suicidal thoughts

      

0.020

 Present

12

(5.5)

9

(6.1)

3

(1.2)

 

 Absent

208

(94.5)

139

(93.9)

239

(98.8)

 

Tobacco

      

<.001

 Initiated or relapsed / Increased

33

(13.8)

26

(15.5)

13

(4.9)

 

 Otherc

207

(86.2)

142

(84.5)

250

(95.1)

 

Alcohol intake

      

0.085

 Initiated or relapsed / Increased

11

(4.6)

13

(7.7)

8

(3.1)

 

 Otherc

228

(95.4)

155

(92.3)

253

(96.9)

 

Self-medication

      

0.116

 Initiated or relapsed / Increased

17

(7.1)

14

(8.4)

10

(3.8)

 

 Otherc

222

(92.9)

152

(91.6)

251

(96.2)

 

Since the attack, started taking medication for sleep disturbance

      

0.003

 Yes

8

(3.3)

12

(7.2)

1

(0.4)

 

 No

232

(96.7)

155

(92.8)

269

(99.6)

 

Since the attack, started taking medication for difficulties related to anxiety and/or stress

      

0.001

 Yes

9

(3.8)

11

(6.6)

1

(0.4)

 

 No

231

(96.2)

155

(93.4)

267

(99.6)

 

Since the attack, started taking medication for difficulties related to depression

      

0.781

 Yes

5

(2.1)

4

(2.4)

4

(1.5)

 

 No

234

(97.9)

164

(97.6)

265

(98.5)

 
  1. aCases
  2. bFinally, probable full or partial PTSD was 27.1% among staff with ‘professional exposure only’, and 38.8% among ‘bystanders’
  3. cOther: discontinued consumption, consumption unchanged, never used or discontinued long ago