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Table 3 Mean values of polio SIA outcomes and estimated effects of community-level SM intervention on post-polio-endemic period outcomes

From: Effectiveness of a community-level social mobilization intervention in achieving the outcomes of polio vaccination campaigns during the post-polio-endemic period: Evidence from CORE Group polio project in Uttar Pradesh, India

Indicator

Mean values of SIA outcomes of:

Causal effect of community-level SM intervention on the post-polio-endemic period outcomes of intervention areas

Estimated mean counterfactual* (Range)

Polio-endemic period (Jan. 2008 to Feb. 2012)

Post-polio-endemic period (Mar. 2012 to Sep. 2017)

Intervention areas

Non-intervention areas

Difference

Intervention areas

Non-intervention areas

Difference

Unadjusted DID

Adjusted DID

Kernel-PSM DID

SCM based effect

Mean effect (Range)

1

2

3

4 = (2–3)

5

6

7 = (5–6)

8

9

10

11

12

13 = (5–12)

SIA coverage

100.3

98.5

1.8

99.7

99.0

0.7

−1.1

−1.1

−0.8 (NS)

0.09 (NS)

Not significant

Not calculated

Booth coverage

70.8

49.0

21.8

82.8

46.4

36.4

14.6

14.6

12.7

15.5

14.1 (12.7 to 15.5)

68.7 (67.3 to 70.1)

X-to-P conversion rate

66.7

61.0

5.7

66.3

54.0

12.3

6.6

6.6

7.3

5.2

6.3 (5.2 to 7.3)

60.1 (59.0 to 61.1)

Rate of remaining ‘X’ houses at the end of SIAs

5.95

6.02

−0.07

4.95

5.90

−0.95

−0.88

− 0.88

−1.12

− 0.88

−1.0 (− 0.88 to − 1.12)

5.95 (5.83 to 6.07)

Refusal-to-Acceptor conversion rate

76.02a

67.73 a

8.29a

72.27b

64.20b

8.07b

−0.22c (NS)

−0.22c (NS)

7.40c

14.6c (NS)

7.40c

64.87c

Refusal rate at the end of SIAs

7.307

2.602

4.705

2.040

1.241

0.799

−3.906

−3.906

−4.188

−7.678

−5.792 (−3.906 to −7.678)

7.832 (5.946 to 9.718)

Community Engagement Index (CEI) of polio SIAs

82.4

71.8

10.6

89.0

70.8

18.2

7.5

7.5

6.6

7.7

7.15 (6.6 to 7.7)

81.9 (81.3 to 82.4)

  1. DID analysis explains very less proportion of (< 3%) total variance
  2. a Observed outcome during the polio-non-endemic period (October 2012 to March 2014)
  3. b Observed outcome during the polio-free period (April 2014 to September 2017)
  4. c Estimated causal effect of SM Net intervention during the polio-free period (April 2014 to September 2017)
  5. (NS) Statistically not significant (p-value > 0.05)
  6. * Estimated counterfactual, i.e., “What would have happened to the outcome, if intervention areas had no community-level SM Net intervention”