Skip to main content

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression of risk factors affecting hookah smoking

From: Prevalence of hookah smoking and associated factors among male high school students in Iraq

Reference Category was the (first).

P value

Odds Ratio

95% C.I. for odds ratio

Lower

Upper

First heard/know about Hookah?

 Brother, Sister and cousin

.084

2.310

.894

5.964

 Friends

.035*

2.635

1.069

6.496

 Media & Newspaper

.558

1.348

.496

3.664

 Saw a Hookah Café shop

.201

1.835

.724

4.651

 Web Networks

.101

2.711

.823

8.931

People surrounding/near students that smoke hookah.

 Brother & Sister

.183

1.513

.823

2.782

 Close relatives

.173

1.345

.878

2.059

 Friends

.017*

1.770

1.110

2.824

 None

.027*

.374

.157

.895

There is a cafe for WP smoking around your residence

.005*

2.817

1.362

5.827

Which of the following types of smoking are more harmful to health?

 Cigarette

.620

.837

.415

1.690

 e –cigarette

.991

1.004

.486

2.075

 Hookah

.316

1.437

.707

2.920

Is hookah smoking acceptable socially more than Cigarette smoking??

.000*

1.996

1.389

2.868

Hookah smoking is less harmful and less addictive than cigarette smoking?

.000*

3.703

2.656

5.162

Student’s opinion for Hookah smoking in Islam.

 Discouraged

.002*

.512

.335

.782

 Allowed

.000*

.314

.165

.598

 Don’t Know

.007*

.513

.315

.836

Agree on regulations to forbid café places.

.000*

.391

.257

.594

  1. *Significant association using Pearson Chi-square test at 0.05 level