Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with women empowerment (n = 13,558 in PDHS 2012–13 and n = 15,068 in PDHS 2017–18)

AOR

AOR

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

  20–24

1.33

0.69

2.56

1.31*

1.02

1.67

  25–29

2.22**

1.16

4.23

1.77***

1.40

2.25

  30–34

3.00***

1.54

5.86

2.45***

1.92

3.12

  35–39

4.26***

2.15

8.43

2.82***

2.21

3.62

  40–44

7.31***

3.52

15.18

3.55***

2.74

4.59

  45–49

4.35***

2.11

8.96

4.88***

3.75

6.36

  Urban

0.72*

0.54

0.95

0.94

0.86

1.03

  Female

2.05**

1.28

3.28

2.46***

2.16

2.81

  Poorer

1.60***

1.20

2.13

1.19**

1.05

1.34

  Middle

1.58**

1.14

2.19

1.27***

1.11

1.46

  Richer

1.63*

1.10

2.42

1.31***

1.13

1.52

  Richest

1.56*

0.94

2.60

1.33***

1.13

1.57

  Unskilled

1.97***

1.74

2.24

1.76***

1.39

2.22

  Skilled

1.91***

1.66

2.19

1.43***

1.21

1.69

  Managerial

2.09***

1.63

2.69

2.00***

1.71

2.34

  1–3 children

2.20***

1.57

3.08

1.22**

1.07

1.39

  4–6 children

2.68***

1.83

3.93

1.17**

1.01

1.36

  7–9 children

1.60*

0.99

2.60

0.82*

0.67

1.00

   ≥ 10 children

1.36

0.53

3.48

0.76

0.52

1.11

  Primary

1.05

0.75

1.48

1.58***

1.40

1.78

  Secondary

1.86**

1.20

2.87

1.66***

1.48

1.87

  Higher

2.51***

1.55

4.05

2.33***

1.99

2.71

  Primary

1.46

0.50

4.25

0.98

0.86

1.12

  Secondary

1.42

0.49

4.13

1.02

0.92

1.14

  Higher

1.89

0.65

5.50

1.10

0.97

1.25

  Yes

1.34*

1.02

1.77

1.25***

1.13

1.39