Table 2 Characteristics of the studies
Study ID | Tittle | Journal | Study Design | Location | Sample size | Sample source | Age group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cave et al. (2019) [47] | Caregiver-perceived racial discrimination is associated with diverse mental health outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 7–12 years. | International Journal for Equity in Health | Cohort study | Australia/ 11 cities | 1759/ No representative | First 8 waves of The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) study | 4–12 years |
Paradies et al. (2012) [52] | The DRIUD study: exploring mediating pathways between racism and depressive symptoms among Indigenous Australians. | Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology | Cross- sectional study | Darwin (Northern Territory) | 185/No representative | Diabetes and Related conditions in Urban Indigenous people in the Darwin region (DRIUD) study | 15 years and over |
Paradies et al. (2012) [53] | The DRIUD study: racism and self-assessed health status in an indigenous population | BMC public health | Cross- sectional study | Darwin (Northern Territory) | 164/No representative | Diabetes and Related conditions in Urban Indigenous people in the Darwin region (DRIUD) study | 15 years and over |
Macedo et al. (2019) [48] | Effects of racism on the socio-emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal Australian children | International Journal for Equity in Health | Cohort study | Australia/ 11 cities | 1060/ No representative | Children of waves 6,7 and 8 of the LSIC study | 6–12 years |
Temple et al. (2019) [49] | Experiences of Racism among Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Prevalence, Sources, and Association with Mental Health | Canadian Journal on Aging | Cross- sectional study | Remote and non-remote areas across all Australia | 2606/Representative | National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) | >  45 years |
Kelaher et al. (2014) [55] | Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities | Medical Journal of Australia | Cross- sectional study | 2 rural and 2 metropolitan areas of Victoria | 755/No representative | Mental health impacts of racial discrimination in Victorian Aboriginal communities’ survey | >  18 years |
Shepherd et al. (2017) [50] | The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5–10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data | International Journal for Equity in Health | Cohort study | 11 sites across Australia | 1239/No representative | Waves 1–6 of the LSIC study | 5–10 years |
Larson et al. (2007) [57] | It’s enough to make you sick: The impact of racism on the health of aboriginal Australians | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health | Cross- sectional study | one Isolated rural town in Australia | 639/No representative | Survey conducted in late 2003 | >  18 years |
Markwick et al. (2019) [34] | Perceived racism may partially explain the gap in health between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Victorians: A cross-sectional population-based study | Ssm-Population Health | Cross- sectional study | People living in private dwellings across Victoria | 33,833 people, including 387 Aboriginal Participants | Three Victorian Population Health Surveys (VPHS) conducted in 2011,2012, 2014 | > 18 years |
Cave et al. (2019) [51] | Racial discrimination and the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: Does the timing of first exposure matter? | Ssm-Population Health | Cohort study | Australia/ 11 cities | 1759/No representative | first 8 cohorts of Footprints in time: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) | 6 months - 12 years |
Priest et al. (2011) [56] | Racism and health among urban Aboriginal young people | BMC public health | Cross- sectional study | Melbourne | 172/No representative | Wave 1 of the Young People’s Project (YPP) | 12–26 years |
Priest et al. (2011) [59] | Racism as a determinant of social and emotional wellbeing for aboriginal Australian youth | Medical Journal of Australia | Cross- sectional study | Top end of Northern Territory | 345/No representative | Wave 3 of the Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) study | 16–20 years |