Table 1 General characteristics at the first change time point (2008 → 2009)
Variables | Daily cigarette smoking amount (DCA) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | P value | Female | P value | |||||||||
N | % | MEANS | ± | SD | N | % | MEANS | ± | SD | |||
TOTAL | 1645 | 100 | 17.74 | ± | 8.30 | 176 | 100 | 11.32 | ± | 6.72 | ||
Change of depression status (2008 → 2009) | ||||||||||||
No → No | 1429 | 86.9 | 17.80 | ± | 8.34 | 0.2428 | 113 | 64.2 | 10.54 | ± | 6.15 | 0.0764 |
No → Yes | 82 | 5.0 | 18.60 | ± | 9.88 | 26 | 14.8 | 11.15 | ± | 6.73 | ||
Yes → No | 90 | 5.5 | 16.40 | ± | 6.29 | 19 | 10.8 | 13.95 | ± | 8.48 | ||
Yes → Yes | 44 | 2.7 | 16.82 | ± | 7.30 | 18 | 10.2 | 13.67 | ± | 7.44 | ||
Age at the smoking initiation (years) | ||||||||||||
Under than 19 | 529 | 32.2 | 19.11 | ± | 8.82 | <.0001 | 19 | 10.8 | 8.11 | ± | 4.92 | 0.2523 |
19 or older | 1116 | 67.8 | 17.09 | ± | 7.96 | 157 | 89.2 | 11.71 | ± | 6.82 | ||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
19–29 | 150 | 9.1 | 15.03 | ± | 6.31 | <.0001 | 10 | 5.7 | 7.00 | ± | 2.87 | 0.0671 |
30–39 | 421 | 25.6 | 17.71 | ± | 7.84 | 10 | 5.7 | 9.00 | ± | 6.62 | ||
40–49 | 383 | 23.3 | 19.77 | ± | 8.45 | 24 | 13.6 | 11.46 | ± | 6.21 | ||
50–59 | 279 | 17.0 | 19.36 | ± | 8.90 | 26 | 14.8 | 12.88 | ± | 7.94 | ||
60–69 | 238 | 14.5 | 17.04 | ± | 8.52 | 30 | 17.0 | 13.57 | ± | 7.31 | ||
≥ 70 | 174 | 10.6 | 14.01 | ± | 7.24 | 76 | 43.2 | 10.72 | ± | 6.27 | ||
Region | ||||||||||||
Metropolitan | 669 | 40.7 | 17.39 | ± | 7.92 | 0.0186 | 76 | 43.2 | 11.12 | ± | 6.91 | 0.3972 |
Rural | 976 | 59.3 | 17.97 | ± | 8.55 | 100 | 56.8 | 11.47 | ± | 6.61 | ||
Education level | ||||||||||||
Middle school or under | 587 | 35.7 | 17.64 | ± | 8.12 | 0.0172 | 134 | 76.1 | 11.51 | ± | 6.24 | 0.4203 |
High school | 846 | 51.4 | 18.17 | ± | 8.54 | 33 | 18.8 | 11.18 | ± | 6.91 | ||
College or above | 212 | 12.9 | 16.28 | ± | 7.68 | 9 | 5.1 | 9.00 | ± | 12.04 | ||
Marriage status | ||||||||||||
Living w spouse | 1165 | 70.8 | 18.02 | ± | 8.35 | 0.2954 | 40 | 22.7 | 10.08 | ± | 5.44 | 0.0532 |
Living w/o spouse | 480 | 29.2 | 17.04 | ± | 8.15 | 136 | 77.3 | 11.68 | ± | 7.03 | ||
Income level | ||||||||||||
Low | 405 | 24.6 | 16.45 | ± | 7.67 | 0.0238 | 70 | 39.8 | 11.50 | ± | 6.52 | 0.4305 |
Lower middle | 446 | 27.1 | 18.30 | ± | 7.99 | 47 | 26.7 | 12.89 | ± | 7.36 | ||
Upper middle | 428 | 26.0 | 17.81 | ± | 8.11 | 38 | 21.6 | 10.03 | ± | 6.06 | ||
High | 366 | 22.2 | 18.38 | ± | 9.38 | 21 | 11.9 | 9.52 | ± | 6.61 | ||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
Non-drinkers | 311 | 18.9 | 17.77 | ± | 7.61 | 0.0003 | 91 | 51.7 | 12.30 | ± | 7.13 | 0.6671 |
Once a week or less | 594 | 36.1 | 17.33 | ± | 8.01 | 60 | 34.1 | 10.52 | ± | 6.48 | ||
2–3 times a week | 408 | 24.8 | 17.03 | ± | 7.97 | 14 | 8.0 | 9.93 | ± | 4.92 | ||
More than 4 times a week | 332 | 20.2 | 19.31 | ± | 9.57 | 11 | 6.3 | 9.36 | ± | 5.95 | ||
Chronic diseases | ||||||||||||
No | 976 | 59.3 | 17.98 | ± | 8.24 | 0.5129 | 53 | 30.1 | 10.23 | ± | 6.19 | 0.7133 |
Yes | 669 | 40.7 | 17.38 | ± | 8.39 | 123 | 69.9 | 11.79 | ± | 6.91 | ||