From: Development of a health behavior scale for older adults living alone receiving public assistance
 | Total (n = 1069) | Group 1 a (n = 535) | Group 2 b (n = 534) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Number or Mean ± SD c | % or (Range) | Number or Mean ± SD c | % or (Range) | Number or Mean ± SD c | % or (Range) | |
Age, years |  | 74.5 ± 6.7 | (65–98) | 74.6 ± 6.7 | (65–98) | 74.4 ± 6.6 | (65–96) |
65–69 | 280 | 26.2 | 141 | 26.4 | 139 | 26.0 | |
 | 70–74 | 294 | 27.5 | 149 | 27.9 | 145 | 27.2 |
 | 75–79 | 236 | 22.1 | 113 | 21.1 | 123 | 23.0 |
 | 80 ≥ | 227 | 21.2 | 120 | 22.4 | 107 | 20.0 |
 | Missing | 32 | 3.0 | 12 | 2.2 | 20 | 3.7 |
Sex | Female | 565 | 52.9 | 274 | 51.2 | 291 | 54.5 |
 | Missing | 13 | 1.2 | 8 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.9 |
Certification for long-term care insurance | No/independence | 709 | 66.3 | 358 | 66.9 | 351 | 65.7 |
Support need levels 1 and 2 | 128 | 12.0 | 59 | 11.0 | 69 | 12.9 | |
Care need levels 1 and 2 | 64 | 5.9 | 30 | 5.6 | 34 | 6.4 | |
Care need levels 3–5 | 23 | 2.2 | 12 | 2.2 | 11 | 2.1 | |
Missing | 145 | 13.6 | 76 | 14.2 | 69 | 12.9 | |
Period of receiving public assistance |  | 8.6 ± 6.6 d | (1 M-61Y)e | 8.6 ± 6.7 d | (1 M-41Y) e | 8.7 ± 6.6 d | (2 M-61Y) e |
<  1 year | 37 | 3.5 | 20 | 3.7 | 17 | 3.2 | |
 | 1 years ≥,and 5 years< | 246 | 23.0 | 122 | 22.8 | 124 | 23.2 |
 | 5 years ≥,and 10 years< | 323 | 30.2 | 167 | 31.2 | 156 | 29.2 |
 | 10 years ≥,and 15 years< | 219 | 20.5 | 99 | 18.5 | 120 | 22.5 |
15 years ≥ | 155 | 14.5 | 80 | 15.0 | 75 | 14.0 | |
 | Missing | 89 | 8.3 | 47 | 8.8 | 42 | 7.9 |
Illness under treatment | 1.4 ± 1.0 | (0–7.0) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | (0–5.0) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | (0–7.0) | |
 | Yes | 876 | 81.9 | 433 | 80.9 | 443 | 83.0 |
Hypertension | 445 | 41.6 | 216 | 40.4 | 229 | 42.9 | |
 | Diabetes | 218 | 20.4 | 99 | 18.5 | 119 | 22.3 |
 | Heart disease | 154 | 14.4 | 82 | 15.3 | 72 | 13.5 |
 | Respiratory disease | 104 | 9.7 | 55 | 10.3 | 49 | 9.2 |
Dyslipidemia | 77 | 7.2 | 27 | 5.0 | 50 | 9.4 | |
 | Cancer | 65 | 6.1 | 38 | 7.1 | 27 | 5.1 |
 | Others | 378 | 35.3 | 176 | 32.9 | 202 | 37.8 |
 | Missing | 37 | 3.5 | 22 | 4.1 | 15 | 2.8 |
Health check-up in the last one year | Yes | 542 | 50.7 | 267 | 49.9 | 275 | 51.5 |
No | 527 | 49.3 | 268 | 50.1 | 259 | 48.5 | |
Alcohol drinking habits | Yes | 249 | 23.3 | 115 | 21.7 | 134 | 25.1 |
Missing | 46 | 4.3 | 21 | 3.9 | 25 | 4.7 | |
Smoking history | Yes | 603 | 56.4 | 304 | 56.8 | 299 | 56.0 |
 | Missing | 26 | 2.4 | 15 | 2.8 | 11 | 2.1 |