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Table 1 Participants’ demographic characteristics.

From: Development of a health behavior scale for older adults living alone receiving public assistance

 

Total

(n = 1069)

Group 1 a

(n = 535)

Group 2 b

(n = 534)

 

Number or Mean ± SD c

% or (Range)

Number or Mean ± SD c

% or (Range)

Number or Mean ± SD c

% or (Range)

Age, years

 

74.5 ± 6.7

(65–98)

74.6 ± 6.7

(65–98)

74.4 ± 6.6

(65–96)

65–69

280

26.2

141

26.4

139

26.0

 

70–74

294

27.5

149

27.9

145

27.2

 

75–79

236

22.1

113

21.1

123

23.0

 

80 ≥

227

21.2

120

22.4

107

20.0

 

Missing

32

3.0

12

2.2

20

3.7

Sex

Female

565

52.9

274

51.2

291

54.5

 

Missing

13

1.2

8

1.5

5

0.9

Certification for long-term care insurance

No/independence

709

66.3

358

66.9

351

65.7

Support need levels 1 and 2

128

12.0

59

11.0

69

12.9

Care need levels 1 and 2

64

5.9

30

5.6

34

6.4

Care need levels 3–5

23

2.2

12

2.2

11

2.1

Missing

145

13.6

76

14.2

69

12.9

Period of receiving public assistance

 

8.6 ± 6.6 d

(1 M-61Y)e

8.6 ± 6.7 d

(1 M-41Y) e

8.7 ± 6.6 d

(2 M-61Y) e

<  1 year

37

3.5

20

3.7

17

3.2

 

1 years ≥,and 5 years<

246

23.0

122

22.8

124

23.2

 

5 years ≥,and 10 years<

323

30.2

167

31.2

156

29.2

 

10 years ≥,and 15 years<

219

20.5

99

18.5

120

22.5

15 years ≥

155

14.5

80

15.0

75

14.0

 

Missing

89

8.3

47

8.8

42

7.9

Illness under treatment

1.4 ± 1.0

(0–7.0)

1.4 ± 1.0

(0–5.0)

1.4 ± 1.0

(0–7.0)

 

Yes

876

81.9

433

80.9

443

83.0

Hypertension

445

41.6

216

40.4

229

42.9

 

Diabetes

218

20.4

99

18.5

119

22.3

 

Heart disease

154

14.4

82

15.3

72

13.5

 

Respiratory disease

104

9.7

55

10.3

49

9.2

Dyslipidemia

77

7.2

27

5.0

50

9.4

 

Cancer

65

6.1

38

7.1

27

5.1

 

Others

378

35.3

176

32.9

202

37.8

 

Missing

37

3.5

22

4.1

15

2.8

Health check-up

in the last one year

Yes

542

50.7

267

49.9

275

51.5

No

527

49.3

268

50.1

259

48.5

Alcohol drinking habits

Yes

249

23.3

115

21.7

134

25.1

Missing

46

4.3

21

3.9

25

4.7

Smoking history

Yes

603

56.4

304

56.8

299

56.0

 

Missing

26

2.4

15

2.8

11

2.1

  1. a Group 1 was used for performing exploratory factor analysis
  2. b Group 2 was used for performing confirmatory factor analysis
  3. c SD, standard deviation. d Unit: Year. Month. e M: Month, Y: Year