| Diabetes (n = 329) | Healthy (n = 4295) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Nutrients | |||
 Energy (Kcal/d) | 2407 (704) | 2428 (747) | 0.593 |
 Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 58.9 (7.1) | 59.0 (8.5) | 0.845 |
 Protein (% of energy) | 15.0 (2.6) | 15.0 (6.9) | 0.949 |
 Fat (% of energy) | 29.6 (6.2) | 30.0 (14.6) | 0.310 |
EDIP component | |||
 EDIP score | 0.59 (0.44) | 0.53 (0.39) | 0.032 |
 Processed meat(serving/d) | 0.02 (0.00–0.04) | 0.02 (0.00–0.04) | 0.611 |
 Red meat(serving/d) | 0.09 (0.06–0.16) | 0.09 (0.05–0.16) | 0.419 |
 Organ meat(serving/d) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.464 |
 Other fish(serving/d) | 0.06 (0.03–0.13) | 0.06 (0.03–0.13) | 0.841 |
 Other vegetables(serving/d) | 2.67 (2.28) | 2.38 (1.91) | 0.024 |
 Refined grains(serving/d) | 3.52 (2.92) | 3.34 (2.49) | 0.303 |
 High-energy beverages(serving/d) | 0.05 (0.01–0.13) | 0.05 (0.01–0.11) | 0.713 |
 Tomatoes(serving/d) | 0.64 (0.32–1.12) | 0.64 (0.32–1.12) | 0.138 |
 Tea(serving/d) | 2.56 (2.09) | 2.43 (2.07) | 0.241 |
 Coffee(serving/d) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.998 |
 Dark yellow vegetables(serving/d) | 0.13 (0.05–0.29) | 0.13 (0.05–0.29) | 0.609 |
 Leafy green vegetables(serving/d) | 0.43 (0.21–0.77) | 0.37 (0.18–0.68) | 0.174 |
 Snacks(serving/d) | 0.13 (0.01–0.36) | 0.15 (0.03–0.41) | 0.019 |
 Fruit juice(serving/d) | 0.04 (0.01–0.11) | 0.04 (0.01–0.12) | 0.771 |
 Pizza(serving/d) | 0.01 (0.00–0.03) | 0.01 (0.00–0.03) | 0.852 |
DIS component | |||
 DIS score | −0.07 (−3.36, 2.89) | 0.07 (−0.50–0.62) | 0.006 |
 Leafy greens and Cruciferous vegetables (g/d) | 23.4 (11.1–41.6) | 20.7 (10.2–37.5) | 0.263 |
 Tomatoes(g/d) | 81.0 (45.6–173.8) | 79.0 (41.8–137.8) | 0.157 |
 Apples and berries(g/d) | 68.8 (35.7–131.3) | 64.2 (27.3–126.7) | 0.461 |
 Deep yellow or orange Vegetables and fruit(g/d) | 40.5 (20.0–79.9) | 37.2 (19.4–74.1) | 0.786 |
 Other fruits and real fruit juices(g/d) | 233 (128–390) | 222 (116–383) | 0.333 |
 Other vegetables(g/d) | 187 (128) | 163 (108) | 0.001 |
 Legumes(g/d) | 47.9 (43.8) | 46.2 (42.2) | 0.503 |
 Fish(g/d) | 6.4 (3.3–14.5) | 6.7 (3.6–14.6) | 0.841 |
 Poultry(g/d) | 24.3 (12.1–36.4) | 24.3 (12.1–36.4) | 0.318 |
 Red and organ meats(g/d) | 33.9 (23.4) | 36.1 (27.1) | 0.103 |
 Processed meats(g/d) | 2.66 (0.49–5.33) | 2.41 (0.49–5.33) | 0.611 |
 Added sugars(g/d) | 57.0 (28.8–120.9) | 59.8 (31.4–117.1) | 0.920 |
 High-fat dairy(g/d) | 82.9 (20.4–234.6) | 99.9 (30.3–233.9) | 0.418 |
 Low-fat dairy(g/d) | 193 (166) | 181 (151) | 0.209 |
 Coffee and tea(g/d) | 628 (507) | 595 (499) | 0.246 |
 Nuts(g/d) | 4.59 (2.07–10.41) | 4.40 (2.06–9.11) | 0.133 |
 Other fats(g/d) | 24.5 (18.8) | 25.7 (19.4) | 0.274 |
 Refined grains and Starchy vegetables(g/d) | 477 (205) | 494 (218) | 0.151 |
LIS Component | |||
 LIS score | 0.98 (0.71–1.39) | 0.71 (0.00–0.98) | < 0.001 |
 Current smoker | 40 (12.2) | 428 (11.2) | 0.609 |
 Physical activity categories |  |  | 0.787 |
  Moderately physically active | 108 (32.8) | 1428 (33.2) |  |
  Heavily physically active | 108 (32.8) | 1428 (33.2) |  |
 BMI categories |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Overweight (BMI = 25–29.9) | 138 (41.9) | 1928 (44.9) |  |
  Obese (BMI ≥30) | 150 (45.6) | 937 (21.8) |  |