Table 1 A priori themes reflecting theoretical determinants of condom use among adolescents from three ‘best-fit’ models
Social Ecological Model McLeroy et al. [31]; Sallis et al., [32] | Integrated model of condom use in sub-Saharan African youth Protogerou et al. [20] | If I Were Jack theory of change model Aventin et al. [28]; Lohan et al. [29] | Themes for Coding Framework |
|---|---|---|---|
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DETERMINANTS | |||
Intrapersonal Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills and behaviours | Knowledge about SRH, where to obtain condoms | Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge | |
Attitudes (beliefs about the behaviour) | Attitudes (beliefs about the behaviour and positive planning) | Attitudes and beliefs about condom use | |
Barriers perceived e.g. stigma, lack of pleasure, lack of effectiveness, religious beliefs and actual e.g. access to condoms and partner refusal to use condoms | Barriers (perceived) e.g. myths, stigma, pleasure, effectiveness, religious beliefs, lack of consent, sexual coercion | Perceived barriers to condom use | |
Risk perception | Beliefs about consequences of unprotected sex (episodic future thinking; anticipated regret) | Risk perception and beliefs about consequences of not using condoms | |
Control (beliefs about self-efficacy and perceived behavioural control) | Beliefs about capabilities (perceived behavioural control & self-efficacy communicating to partners, peers, parents, and professionals) | Beliefs about ability to obtain and use condoms | |
Intentions | Intentions to avoid unprotected sex | Intentions to use condoms | |
Past condom use behaviour | Past condom use behaviour | ||
Age, gender, socioeconomic status, religiosity | Sociodemographic influences | ||
INTERPERSONAL LEVEL DETERMINANTS | |||
Interpersonal Social network and Relationships | Barriers (actual) e.g. partner refusal to use condoms | Social influences: Peers Parental values and beliefs Quality of parent-child communication | Interpersonal determinants |
STRUCTURAL LEVEL DETERMINANTS | |||
Organisational Relevant institutions | Barriers (actual) e.g. access to condoms | Organisational influences (school, church, health services) | Organisational determinants |
Community/Society Social norms and values | Norms | Social influences: Gender norms Social norms | Social norms and values relating to condom use |
Policy Local and national laws and policies | Political and economic determinants | ||