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Table 3 Cultural adaptations performed on the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Diabetes College Patient Guide

From: Patient education program for Brazilians living with diabetes and prediabetes: findings from a development study

Section

Culturally Adapted?

Changes

Treat Diabetes

Yes

Chapters 1–7

• Terms and nouns adapted to the Brazilian culture.

• Units changed to reflect the Brazilian system.

• Change the name of medications to reflect the names in Brazil (some medications were excluded because they are not commercialized in Brazil).

• Management of glucose and tests were updated to current practice in Brazil.

• Some management programs for Diabetes were excluded because they are not available in Brazil.

Get Active

Yes

Chapters 1–3

• Terms and nouns adapted to the Brazilian culture.

• Types of sports were changed to reflect Brazilian culture (e.g., golf was replaced by soccer).

• Borg Scale Original was changed to the modified version that is currently used in Brazil.

• Glycemic values for exercise: changed to the ones recommended by the Brazilian Society of Diabetes.

• Air quality: pictures with references from Brazil were included.

• Emergency contact: changed to the Brazilian health emergency service number (SAMU 192).

Eat Healthily

Yes

Chapters 1 and 4

• Terms and nouns adapted to the Brazilian culture.

• Canada’s Food Guide was substituted by the Brazilian one.

• Foods that are not available in Brazil were excluded.

• Consumption of fiber was changed to reflect what is recommended by Brazilian dietitians.

• LDL and HDL target levels were updated to reflect Brazilian guidelines.

• Links of nutritional programs only available in English were excluded.

Feel Well

Yes

Chapters 1 and 2

• Terms and nouns adapted to the Brazilian culture.

Take Control

Yes

Chapter 1

• Terms and nouns adapted to the Brazilian culture.

Toolbox

Yes

• Borg Scale was changed to reflect the one currently used in Brazil.

• Website to track walk distances was updated.

• English resources were updated to Brazilian ones.

  1. LDL low density lipoproteins, HDL high density lipoproteins