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Table 2 Frequency of preventive measures in all students by sex and study group (2020)

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, mental health and coping behavior in German University students – a longitudinal study before and after the onset of the pandemic

 

Total

Always/often

Sometimes

Seldom/never

pa

n

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Wearing a mask

1824

1513

82.9

251

13.8

60

3.3

 

Female

1285

1087

84.6

160

12.5

38

3.0

0.037

Male

413

327

79.2

69

16.7

17

4.1

MED

744

628

84.4

96

12.9

20

2.7

0.190

STEM

909

737

81.1

135

14.9

37

4.1

HSC

153

133

86.9

17

11.1

3

2.0

Washing hands more often

1821

1457

80.0

285

15.7

79

4.3

 

Female

1285

1043

81.2

197

15.3

45

3.5

0.031

Male

410

313

76.3

72

17.6

25

6.1

MED

744

574

77.2

128

17.2

42

5.6

0.067

STEM

906

737

81.3

136

15.0

33

3.6

HSC

153

130

85.0

19

12.4

4

2.6

Contacting friends and family

1823

1292

70.9

419

23.0

112

6.1

 

Female

1285

971

75.6

261

20.3

53

4.1

0.000

Male

412

233

56.6

130

31.6

49

11.9

MED

743

575

77.4

138

18.6

30

4.0

0.000

STEM

909

591

65.0

243

26.7

75

8.3

HSC

153

113

73.9

34

22.2

6

3.9

Eating a balanced diet

1824

1221

66.9

421

23.1

182

10.0

 

Female

1285

901

70.1

281

21.9

103

8.0

0.000

Male

413

245

59.3

107

25.9

61

14.8

MED

744

536

72.0

161

21.6

47

6.3

0.000

STEM

910

576

63.3

215

23.6

119

13.1

HSC

152

97

63.8

41

27.0

14

9.2

Make sure to get enough sleep

1823

1069

58.6

491

26.9

263

14.4

 

Female

1285

795

61.9

329

25.6

161

12.5

0.000

Male

412

199

48.3

133

32.3

80

19.4

MED

742

456

61.5

190

25.6

96

12.9

0.143

STEM

910

511

56.2

253

27.8

146

16.0

HSC

153

93

60.8

43

28.1

17

11.1

Exercise regularly

1819

1010

55.5

416

22.9

393

21.6

 

Female

1282

729

56.9

297

23.2

256

20.0

0.059

Male

412

218

52.9

89

21.6

105

25.5

MED

741

474

64.0

165

22.3

102

13.8

0.000

STEM

907

454

50.1

207

22.8

246

27.1

HSC

153

75

49.0

39

25.5

39

25.5

Taking more care about cleanliness

1822

944

51.8

576

31.6

302

16.6

 

Female

1284

685

53.3

401

31.2

198

15.4

0.034

Male

412

193

46.8

137

33.3

82

19.9

MED

740

384

51.9

233

31.5

123

16.6

0.863

STEM

911

465

51.0

295

32.4

151

16.6

HSC

153

85

55.6

43

28.1

25

16.3

Using disinfectants

1823

715

39.2

592

32.5

516

28.3

 

Female

1285

506

39.4

431

33.5

348

27.1

0.030

Male

412

159

38.6

116

28.2

137

33.3

MED

744

290

39.0

257

34.5

197

26.5

0.000

STEM

908

336

37.0

281

30.9

291

32.0

HSC

153

80

52.3

49

32.0

24

15.7

Taking herbal supplement

1823

267

14.6

240

13.2

1316

72.2

 

Female

1285

210

16.3

172

13.4

903

70.3

0.004

Male

412

44

10.7

45

10.9

323

78.4

MED

743

104

14.0

89

12.0

550

74.0

0.182

STEM

909

146

16.1

128

14.1

635

69.9

HSC

153

16

10.5

19

12.4

118

77.1

  1. aPearson’s chi-squared test; p values are for the differences between female and male, as well as between the study subgroups of medicine (MED); science, technology, engineering and, mathematics (STEM); and health sciences (HSC) in the use of preventive measures