Table 3 Results of neuropsychological measures

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

–

Global cognition

26.1 (2.3)

27.3 (2.6)

0.002

.49

The Stroop Color and Word Test

Word condition (W)

Processing speed

86.02 (14.24)

87.11 (12.56)

.078

–

Color condition (C)

Processing speed

52.46 (12.14)

53.72 (13.7)

.097

–

Color-word condition (CW)

Selective attention

31.63 (5.45)

36.41 (9.32)

≤ .001

.62

Comprehensive Trail making test (CTMT)

Trial 1

Processing speed

41.78 (14.57)

43.09 (11.15)

.055

–

Trial 5

Alternating attention

39.34 (11.84)

44.14 (8.45)

.002

.47

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 (WCST-64)

Perseveration errors^a

Executive function

10.3 (6.4)

8.2 (5.8)

.011

.34

Non-perseveration errors^a

Executive function

7.9 (5.8)

6.6 (5.3)

.026

.23

Contextual Memory Test

Immediate recall

Short-term memory

13.01 (2.45)

13.97 (2.59)

.006

.38

Delayed recall

Long-term memory

11.13 (2.61)

12.89 (2.72)

≤ .001

.66

The Digit Span Task

Digits Forward

Short-term memory

5.41 (1.34)

6.12 (2.11)

.003

.40

Digits Backward

Working memory

3.02 (1.24)

3.86 (.98)

≤ .001

.75

The d2 Test of Attention

TN-Number of all items processed

Processing speed

386.07 (47.48)

391.62 (52.36)

0.052

–

OE-Omission errors^a

Processing accuracy

Carelessness

7.96 (5.07)

5.26 (4.74)

≤ .001

.55

CE-Commission errors^a

Processing accuracy

Impulsivity

2.43 (2.41)

1.27 (1.85)

≤ .001

.54

TE-Total errors^a

Processing accuracy

10.39 (6.34)

6.53 (5.13)

≤ .001

.67

TP-Total performance (TN-TE)

Selective attention

375.68 (46.53)

385.09 (51.16)

.044

.19

Grooved Pegboard

Dominant Hand^a

Fine motor dexterity

73.12 (10.4)

69.46 (9.24)

.007

.37