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Table 1 Characteristics of included articles (n = 12)

From: Oral health problems facing refugees in Europe: a scoping review

Study

Location

Study Design

Study Purpose

Participants

Age

Gender

N

Nationality

Fennell-wells (2020) [12]

UK

A review of the asylum process in the UK, the oral health status of child asylum seekers and the challenges in accessing dental services has been conducted.

To provide a summary of the oral health status of child refugees and asylum seekers, and to describe their access to health services

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Freiberg (2020) [28]

Halle (Saale), Germany

Retrospective observational study

To quantify the utilization of dental health services, the complaints leading to visits at the dental clinic, the diagnoses made by the dentist, and the treatments resulting from it.

20–34 Years old

Males and females

4107

Syria, Afghanistan, Iran, Somalia, Guinea-Bissau, Russian Federation, Eritrea, India, Kosovo, Benin, others

Al-ani (2020) [9]

Four federal states in Germany

Quantitative cross-sectional study

To assess oral health, caries prevalence, and subsequent complications among recently arrived refugees, and to compare these findings with the resident population.

3–75+ years old

Males and females

544

Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq

Egypt, Mauritania, Lebanon, Palestine, Morocco

Kosovo, Albania,

Ukraine, Armenia, Serbia, Cheek Republic, Georgia, and Macedonia

Iran, Pakistan, Thailand, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, and Russia

Eretria, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and So

Høyvik (2019) [8]

Oslo/Norway

Twelve qualitative interviews as well as participant observation

To explore experiences of irregular migrants related to their oral health and their access to dental care

29–50

Males and females

10–20

Not mentioned

Solyman (2018) [11]

Germany

Quantitative study: Cross-sectional (and structured interview conducted)

To determine the status of oral health among newly arrived refugees and to explore their knowledge, attitude and practices on oral hygiene

18–60 years old

Males and females

386

Syria and Iraq

Zukanović (2018) [33]

Canton Tuzla, B&H

Qualitative study; Narrative Interviews

To evaluate the DFA presence and the most common reasons for dental fear and anxiety in displaced persons

between 35 and 44 years old

males and females

310

Several cities of Canton Tuzla

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Goetz (2018) [15]

Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Pilot study with a cross-sectional

To evaluate the oral health of refugees and to estimate the costs of oral care.

a mean age of 28 years old

Males and females

102

Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Eritrea, Yemen, Armenia, Somalia, Iran, Chechnya

Riatto (2018) [10]

Melilla, Spain

Quantitative study/Correlation questionnaire

To determine the oral health status of Syrian immigrant children refugee at the Center for Temporary Stay

5–13 years old

males and females

156

Syria

Furnadzhieva (2017) [30]

Baden-Württemberg, Federal Republic of Germany.

Qualitative study

To study the experience of dental practitioners in Germany in treating refugees at outpatient medical facilities

5 to 75 Years old

N/A

100

N/A

Mattila (2016) [32]

Finland

Pilot study

To investigate self-reported oral health, oral health habits, dental fear and use of dental health care services among asylum seekers and immigrants

17 to 53 Years old

Males and females

38

15 different countries

Angellilo (1996) [29]

Catanzaro and Crotone. /Italy

Quantitative study

To assess the caries prevalence, oral hygiene status, periodontal health and the treatment needs in immigrants and refugees

18–44+ years old

Males and females

252

Senegalese, Yugoslavs, Moroccans

Zimmerman (1995) [31]

Sweden

Quantitative-Cross Sectional study

To describe and analyze consumption of dental care in different refugee groups

23–34 years old

Males and females

2489

different countries

  1. N number of participants, N/A not applicable