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Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and heart failure among older adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)a: Hawaii Medicare data 2009–2017

From: The impact of diabetes and osteoarthritis on the occurrence of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure among older adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Hawaii: a retrospective observational cohort study

 

Stroke

HR (95% CI)      Pb

AMI

HR (95% CI)      Pb

Heart Failure

HR (95% CI)      Pb

Diabetes (DM)/osteoarthritis (OA) status (ref: without DM/OA)

 With DM

1.29 (1.18–1.41)  <.001

1.31 (1.15–1.49)   <.001

1.34 (1.26–1.41)      <.001

 With OA

1.04 (0.92–1.18)       0.496

0.96 (0.79–1.17)         0.711 

0.98 (0.90–1.06)        0.583

 With DM/OA

1.02 (0.87–1.19)       0.830

1.15 (0.93–1.41)        0.193

1.21 (1.10–1.33)     <.001

Age group (ref: 65–74 years)

 75–84 years

1.51 (1.39–1.65)  <.001

1.40 (1.22–1.59)    <.001

1.27 (1.21–1.34)    <.001

  ≥85 years

1.84 (1.66–2.03)  <.001

1.64 (1.40–1.92)    <.001

1.64 (1.54–1.74)     <.001

Gender (ref: Male)

 Female

1.12 (1.04–1.20)    0.004

0.85 (0.76–0.96)      0.006

0.94 (0.90–0.98)        0.006

Race/ethnicity (ref: White)

 Asian

1.10 (1.00–1.21)      0.054

1.12 (0.96–1.30)          0.145

1.05 (0.99–1.11)         0.132

 Pacific Islander

1.04 (0.94–1.15)      0.471

1.02 (0.87–1.20)          0.801

0.95 (0.89–1.01)        0.102

 Hispanic

1.09 (0.91–1.30)      0.364

1.43 (1.12–1.82)        0.004

1.05 (0.94–1.17)        0.374

 Other

1.07 (0.95–1.22)      0.269

1.13 (0.93–1.36)          0.222

1.07 (0.99–1.15)        0.079

Residency (ref: other island)

 Oahu

1.10 (1.02–1.20)      0.019

0.99 (0.88–1.36)           0.935

0.88 (0.84–0.92)         <.001

Dual eligibilityc (ref: No)

 Yes

0.91 (0.82–1.01)      0.086

0.87 (0.74–1.02)           0.089

1.08 (1.01–1.15)        0.017

Hypertension (ref: No)

 Yes

1.11 (1.02–1.22)      0.023

1.67 (1.42–1.98)       <.001

1.14 (1.08–1.21)        <.001

Hyperlipidemia (ref: No)

 Yes

0.92 (0.84–1.00)      0.042

1.29 (1.13–1.48)       <.001

0.74 (0.71–0.78)         <.001

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ref: No)

 Yes

0.94 (0.84–1.06)      0.310

1.12 (0.96–1.31)          0.143

1.43 (1.35–1.52)        <.001

Dementia (ref: No)

 Yes

1.28 (1.14–1.44)  <.001

1.11 (0.93–1.33)          0.263

0.95 (0.88–1.03)         0.201

Chronic Kidney Disease (ref: No)

 Yes

0.91 (0.83–1.00)     0.053

NA

NA

  1. a Older adults with NVAF had no stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure at baseline (n = 19,588).b P-values were obtained by testing the significance of regression coefficients in the Cox proportional hazards regression models.  c Dual eligible for Medicare and Medicaid for at least 12 consecutive months over the study period. Note. The model for stroke included DM/OA status, age group, gender, race/ethnicity, residency, dual eligibility, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. The models for AMI and stroke included DM/OA status, age group, gender, race/ethnicity, residency, dual eligibility, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and were stratified by chronic kidney disease (No/Yes)