Table 4 Estimation results: Driscoll-Kraay [38] standard errors

Constant

−8.8219 (−5.86)^***

−6.6460 (− 6.57)^***

CO2

0.0988 (5.67)^***

–

NIT

–

0.0687 (4.13)^***

GDP

− 0.0648 (−2.56)^**

−0.0757 (− 3.80)^***

PHY

− 0.1214 (−5.41)^***

− 0.1302 (− 7.12)^***

URB

− 0.1311 (− 2.00)^**

− 0.1723 (− 2.30)^**

WAT

3.1370 (7.06)^***

2.4197 (7.68)^***

SAN

− 0.4528 (−6.41)^***

− 0.3938 (− 6.28)^***

SCH

− 0.1003 (− 3.58)^***

0.0473 (1.46)

within R-squared

0.4945

0.4550

F-statistic

606.57

414.64

Probability

0.0000

0.0000

Number of groups

19^a

19

Number of observations

225

197