Prevalence of lead toxicity in adolescents in Kuwait

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Odds ratio of EBLL (BLL ≥5 μg/dL) associated with demographic and nutritional variables

Demographic Variables		UOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI
Governorate	Hawally	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
	Farwaniya	2.65	1.57, 4.49	2.55	1.49, 4.35
	Al-Jahra	9.88	6.01, 16.23	11.16	6.58, 18.94
	Al-Asima	32.30	18.57, 56.20	34.39	19.56, 60.45
	Al-Ahmadi	24.69	15.18, 40.17	29.63	17.53, 50.08
	Mubarak Al-Kabeer	18.29	10.56, 31.66	19.21	10.98, 33.58
Sex	Male	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Sex	Female	1.52	1.22, 1.88	1.89	1.40, 2.54
Age	10 to < 12 years	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
	12 to < 13 years	0.75	0.58, 0.97	0.70	0.51, 0.95
	13 or above	0.80	0.61, 1.03	0.87	0.63, 1.19
Nationality	Kuwait	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Nationality	Non-Kuwaiti	0.78	0.60, 1.00	0.82	0.56, 1.19
Weight status	Normal weight	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
	Overweight	0.88	0.67, 1.17	0.99	0.71, 1.38
	Obese	0.84	0.66, 1.07	1.02	0.76, 1.38
Anemia status	No	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Anemia status	Yes	1.24	0.83, 1.85	0.82	0.51, 1.31
Passive smoking	No	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Passive smoking	Yes	0.96	0.76, 1.20	0.99	0.71, 1.38

Odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression. BLL were categorized as < 5 μg/dL (reference) or ≥ 5 μg/dL (EBLL). In the adjusted model, all the variables in the first column were included
UOR unadjusted odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio

ISSN: 1471-2458