Table 2 Catastrophic healthcare expenditure among households by status of dental care services use during 2018 in Iran
Variables | Percentage of households with CHE (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
Used dental care | Did not use | |
Demographic variables | ||
 Sex of household head | ||
  Male | 16.1 (14.4–17.9) | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) |
  Female | 22.1 (16.2–29.4) | 6.7 (6.1–7.4) |
 Age of household head (years) | ||
  15–45 | 14.9 (12.7–17.4) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) |
  46–65 | 17.1 (14.5–19.9) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) |
   ≥ 66 | 22.9 (17.3–29.9) | 9.1 (8.4–9.7) |
 Household had ≤ 5-year old child | ||
  Yes | 15.8 (12.8–19.4) | 2.7 (2.4–3.1) |
  No | 16.8 (14.9–18.9) | 4.9 (4.6–5.2) |
 Household had ≥ 66-year old members | ||
  Yes | 19.2 (14.6–24.8) | 8.7 (8.1–9.4) |
  No | 16.2 (14.4–18.1) | 3.2 (2.9–3.4) |
Socioeconomic variables | ||
 Educational status of household head | ||
  Illiterate | 20.3 (15.2–26.5) | 8.0 (7.5–8.6) |
  Literate | 16.1 (14.4–17.9) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4) |
 Wealth index of households | ||
  Poorest | 20.5 (14.7–27.8) | 6.5 (5.9–7.1) |
  Poor | 19.8 (15.3–25.1) | 5.8 (5.4–6.4) |
  Middle | 15.2 (11.6–19.5) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) |
  Rich | 16.8 (13.8–20.5) | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) |
  Richest | 14.8 (12.2–17.8) | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) |
 Insurance coverage | ||
  Yes | 16.6 (14.9–18.4) | 4.4 (4.2–4.7) |
  No | 16.3 (11.2–23.1) | 3.6 (3.1–4.2) |
Ecological variables | ||
 Geographical location of household | ||
  Urban | 16.4 (14.4–18.7) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) |
  Rural | 16.8 (14.1–19.8) | 5.6 (5.2–5.9) |
 HDI of province | ||
  Low | 13.4 (10.6–16.7) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) |
  Medium | 17.2 (14.6–20.1) | 5.1 (4.7–5.5) |
  High | 18.3 (15.5–21.5) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) |