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Table 5 Change in log health expenditures for most recent care and in the preceding month a

From: Multi-purpose cash transfers and health among vulnerable Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a prospective cohort study

 

UNADJUSTED CHANGE OVER TIME

ADJUSTED CHANGE OVER TIME b

MPC HHs

Control HHs

DiD

MPC HHs

Control HHs

DiD c

Overall Mean/%

Effect Size

R2

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

Most Recent Childhood Illness

Health Facility Payments for OP Cared

  Any payment for OP care at facility

3.1%

(−5.6,11.8)

0.6%

(− 5.1,6.3)

2.5%

(−7.9,12.9)

4.3%

(−5.1,13.7)

−0.2%

(−6.3,5.9)

4.5%

(−6.7,15.8)

87.8%

5.2%

0.027

  Total paid at facility for visit (all HHs)

0.19

(−0.9,1.3)

0.20

(−0.5,0.9)

−0.01

(−1.3,1.2)

0.34

(−0.8,1.5)

− 0.02

(− 0.7,0.7)

0.36

(− 1.0,1.7)

1.37

26.2%

0.035

Medication Costs at Pharmacy/Elsewhere

  Any payment for medication outside facility

15.7%

(4.4,27.0)

15.0%

(6.2,23.8)

0.7%

(−13.6,15.0)

14.8%

(2.2,27.4)

4.8%

(−5.0,14.7)

9.9%

(−6.0,25.8)

57.0%

17.4%

0.059

  Total paid for medication (all HHs)

1.61

(0.2,3.0)

1.81

(0.7,2.9)

−0.19

(−1.9,1.6)

1.54

(0.0,3.1)

0.51

(−0.7,1.7)

1.03

(−0.9,3.0)

−2.49

−41.3%

0.058

Total Amount Paid for Illnesse

  Any expense for most recent illness

4.6%

(−4.0,13.3)

6.7%

(0.5,12.9)

−2.0%

(−12.7,8.6)

5.5%

(−3.9,15.0)

5.1%

(−1.9,12.2)

0.4%

(−11.0,11.8)

86.3%

0.5%

0.048

  Total cost for most recent illness (all HHs)

0.59

(−0.5,1.7)

1.01

(0.2,1.8)

−0.41

(−1.8,0.9)

0.71

(−0.5,1.9)

0.64

(−0.3,1.5)

0.07

(−1.4,1.5)

1.52

4.6%

0.056

Most Recent Acute Adult Illness

Health Facility Payments for OP Cared

  Any payment for OP care at facility

−11.9%

(−20.8,-2.9)

0.7%

(−6.5,7.9)

−12.6%

(−24.1,-1.1)

− 14.5%

(− 23.4,-5.5)

−1.1%

(−9.0,6.8)

− 13.4%

(− 25.4,-1.3)

88.1%

−15.2%

0.055

  Total paid at facility for visit (all HHs)

−1.34

(− 2.4,-0.3)

−0.01

(− 0.8,0.8)

− 1.34

(−2.7,0.0)

− 1.57

(− 2.7,-0.5)

− 0.33

(−1.3,0.6)

− 1.24

(−2.7,0.2)

1.64

−75.6%

0.057

Medication Costs at Pharmacy/Elsewhere

  Any payment for medication outside facility

−6.6%

(−21.1,7.9)

1.9%

(−8.5,12.4)

−8.6%

(−26.4,9.3)

− 11.3%

(− 26.7,4.2)

−3.5%

(− 15.2,8.3)

− 7.8%

(− 27.0,11.5)

56.6%

− 13.7%

0.044

  Total paid for medication (all HHs)

−0.92

(− 2.8,0.9)

− 0.04

(− 1.3,1.3)

− 0.88

(− 3.1,1.4)

− 1.37

(−3.3,0.6)

− 0.67

(− 2.1,0.8)

−0.70

(− 3.1,1.7)

− 2.45

28.6%

0.047

Total Amount Paid for Illnesse

  Any expense for most recent illness

−12.1%

(−22.8,-1.5)

−0.6%

(− 8.8,7.5)

− 11.5%

(− 24.9,1.9)

− 13.2%

(− 24.2,− 2.1)

-2.1%

(− 11.5,7.3)

− 11.1%

(− 25.5,3.3)

84.9%

− 13.1%

0.046

  Total cost for most recent illness (all HHs)

−1.77

(− 3.2,-0.4)

− 0.05

(− 1.1,1.0)

−1.71

(− 3.5,0.0)

−1.95

(− 3.4,-0.5)

− 0.28

(−1.5,0.9)

− 1.67

(− 3.5,0.2)

1.49

− 111.7%

0.059

Most Recent Adult Chronic Illness Visit

Health Facility Payments for OP Cared

  Any payment for OP care at facility

5.0%

(−10.8,20.9)

10.6%

(−1.9,23.1)

−5.6%

(− 25.8,14.6)

− 1.5%

(− 19.2,16.3)

7.2%

(− 8.2,22.6)

− 8.7%

(− 33.2,15.9)

77.5%

−11.2%

0.073

  Total paid at facility for visit (all HHs)

0.57

(−1.4,2.6)

1.32

(− 0.3,3.0)

− 0.74

(−3.3,1.9)

− 0.10

(− 2.4,2.2)

0.69

(− 1.2,2.5)

− 0.78

(− 3.8,2.3)

0.51

− 154.2%

0.084

Average Monthly Medication Costs

  Any regular (monthly) medication costs

4.9%

(− 17.2,27.1)

5.1%

(−7.5,17.8)

−0.2%

(− 25.7,25.3)

5.2%

(− 19.1,29.4)

− 0.8%

(− 15.0,13.3)

6.0%

(−22.3,34.3)

71.6%

8.4%

0.077

  Average monthly medication costs (all cases)

0.43

(−2.5,3.4)

0.61

(−1.0,2.2)

−0.18

(−3.5,3.2)

0.32

(−2.9,3.5)

−0.02

(−1.8,1.8)

0.33

(−3.4,4.0)

−0.07

− 449.8%

0.086

Routine Spending on Health

  Health expenditures (past month)f

0.70

(−0.2,1.6)

1.49

(0.8,2.2)

−0.79

(−1.9,0.3)

0.24

(−0.7,1.2)

0.53

(−0.2,1.3)

−0.30

(−1.5,0.9)

2.01

−14.7%

0.131

  Sold assets to pay for health (past 3 mos)

2.5%

(−1.5,6.5)

7.0%

(3.6,10.3)

−4.5%

(−9.7,0.7)

2.0%

(−2.4,6.4)

4.0%

(0.4,7.7)

−2.0%

(−7.9,3.8)

6.8%

−29.7%

0.044

  Borrowed to pay for health (past 3 mos)

42.4%

(32.8,52.0)

34.9%

(29.0,40.8)

7.5%

(−3.8,18.7)

38.0%

(27.7,48.3)

32.6%

(25.8,39.4)

5.4%

(−6.6,17.3)

37.3%

14.4%

0.218

  1. DiD = difference-in-difference; HH = household; OP = outpatient
  2. DiD represents the difference in baseline to endline change between MPC and control groups; effect size indicates the magnitude of this difference (calculated by dividing the DiD estimate by overall mean)
  3. Bold italic indicates statistically significant (p < 0.001) findings; bold indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) findings; italic indicates statistically significant (p < 0.10) findings
  4. a Analyzed as log US$; exchange rate: 1507.5 LBP = 1 US$
  5. b adjusted analyses controlled for principal applicant sex, age, education level, and marital status; household size and composition including the presence of household members in need of daily support, with chronic conditions, and children under five years old; dependency ratio; total household expenditure in the prior month; residence type; household crowding; and receipt of humanitarian assistance, specifically total value of cash assistance received in the prior month, and current WFP beneficiary status/transfer modality (e-voucher or unconditional cash)
  6. c DiD estimates are the modeled interaction effect of study group (i.e., MPC vs. control) and time period (i.e., baseline vs. endline)
  7. d includes consultation fees, diagnostic testing and medications obtained at health facility during the initial visit to health facility, hospital outpatient department, or emergency room (without overnight stay)
  8. e includes health facility payments for outpatient care and medications purchased at pharmacies outside health facilities (does not include referrals, in-patient care, and transportation)
  9. f at facilities and for medication