Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States

Table 2 Trends in LBW overall and by maternal race, education, and their combination, United States, 2003–2018

	Trend period 1 Years	Trend period 1 APC	Trend period 2 Years	Trend period 2 APC	Trend period 3 Years	Trend period 3 APC
U.S. Overall	2003–2006	1.4*	2006–2014	−0.5*	2014–2018	1.6*
Race
AIAN	2003–2018	0.6*
Asian	2003–2014	0.2	2014–2018	1.6*
Black	2003–2005	1.7*	2005–2014	−1.0*	2014–2018	1.6*
Hispanic	2003–2006	1.1*	2006–2014	0.1*	2014–2018	1.8*
White	2003–2006	1.5*	2006–2013	−0.8*	2013–2018	0.8*
Education
Less than HS	2007–2018	1.3*
HS	2007–2014	0.7*	2014–2018	1.8*
Some College	2007–2015	0.7*	2015–2018	1.9*
College	2017–2014	0.0	2014–2018	1.9*
Race by Education
AIAN, Less than HS	2007–2018	1.5*
AIAN, HS	2007–2018	1.7*
AIAN, Some College	2007–2018	1.7*
AIAN, College	2007–2018	−0.5
Asian, Less than HS	2007–2018	1.3*
Asian, HS	2007–2018	1.0*
Asian, Some College	2007–2018	0.4†
Asian, College	2007–2014	−0.1	2014–2018	2.4*
Black, Less than HS	2007–2013	−0.5†	2013–2018	1.4*
Black, HS	2007–2013	−0.7†	2013–2018	1.9*
Black, Some College	2007–2013	−0.5*	2013–2018	1.4*
Black, College	2007–2013	−0.6†	2013–2018	1.1*
Hispanic, Less than HS	2007–2014	0.7*	2014–2018	2.5*
Hispanic, HS	2007–2014	0.3	2014–2018	1.8*
Hispanic, Some College	2007–2014	−0.1	2014–2018	1.6*
Hispanic, College	2007–2018	0.7*
White, Less than HS	2007–2018	0.6*
White, HS	2007–2018	0.7*
White, Some College	2007–2018	0.9*
White, College	2007–2013	−0.6*	2013–2018	1.1*
Disparities
BGV Race	2003–2006	1.4	2006–2014	−2.8*	2014–2018	4.9*
BGV Education	2007–2009	1.6	2009–2012	8.0*	2012–2018	2.7*
BGV Race by Education	2007–2018	1.7*

Periods refer to before and after an inflection point in the overall trend, detected by joinpoint regression analysis. Inflection points were determined independently by group and are not intended to warrant comparisons of trend periods between groups
LBW Low Birthweight, AIAN American Indian and Alaska Native, HS High School, BGV Between Group Variance, APC Annual Percentage Change, determined using joinpoint regression
* p-value < 0.05
† p-value < 0.1

ISSN: 1471-2458