Table 2 Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of marijuana-specific risk and protective factors among U.S. adolescents
From: Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents
|  | Perceived availability of marijuana (n = 66,019) | Parental disapproval of marijuana use (n = 67,111) | Peer disapproval of marijuana use (n = 67,187) | Close friends disapproval of marijuana use (n = 66,920) | Risk perception of marijuana use (n = 66,825) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race (Ref: White) | |||||
 Black | 0.807*** | 1.079 | 1.151** | 1.074 | 0.787*** |
(0.750–0.868) | (0.963–1.208) | (1.057–1.253) | (0.988–1.166) | (0.738–0.840) | |
 Hispanic | 1.014 | 1.455*** | 1.068 | 1.099* | 0.903*** |
(0.949–1.083) | (1.294–1.636) | (0.984–1.159) | (1.022–1.182) | (0.854–0.955) | |
 Asian | 0.464*** | 2.885*** | 1.996*** | 2.491*** | 1.690*** |
(0.406–0.530) | (2.048–4.063) | (1.747–2.281) | (2.244–2.766) | (1.497–1.907) | |
 Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islander | 0.957 (0.678–1.352) | 0.694 (0.372–1.296) | 0.825 (0.524–1.300) | 0.960 (0.614–1.502) | 0.719 (0.483–1.070) |
 Native-Americans | 0.834 | 0.675* | 0.873 | 0.883 | 0.579*** |
(0.682–1.019) | (0.500–0.910) | (0.691–1.104) | (0.690–1.129) | (0.473–0.708) | |
 Mixed-race | 1.236*** | 0.818 | 0.765*** | 0.801*** | 0.673*** |
(1.122–1.361) | (0.660–1.014) | (0.672–0.870) | (0.709–0.904) | (0.611–0.741) | |
 Male (ref: female) | 0.800*** | 1.045 | 1.061** | 0.939** | 0.801*** |
(0.765–0.835) | (0.952–1.147) | (1.018–1.106) | (0.899–0.981) | (0.770–0.833) | |
Poverty level (ref: < 100%) | |||||
 100–199% | 1.239*** | 1.422*** | 0.994 | 0.985 | 1.134** |
(1.153–1.331) | (1.250–1.619) | (0.908–1.088) | (0.919–1.055) | (1.050–1.225) | |
 200%+ | 1.414*** | 1.991*** | 0.946 | 0.989 | 1.290*** |
(1.328–1.506) | (1.777–2.231) | (0.882–1.015) | (0.923–1.059) | (1.204–1.382) | |
Urbanicity (ref: Large metro) | |||||
 Small metro | 0.954* | 0.915 | 1.080* | 1.043 | 1.012 |
(0.911–1.000) | (0.825–1.015) | (1.017–1.147) | (0.989–1.101) | (0.958–1.070) | |
 Non-metro | 0.754*** | 1.100 | 1.419*** | 1.374*** | 1.240*** |
(0.688–0.827) | (0.946–1.279) | (1.278–1.575) | (1.232–1.534) | (1.102–1.396) | |
Age (ref: 12, 13) | |||||
 14–15 | 3.963*** | 0.590*** | 0.275*** | 0.296*** | 0.519*** |
(3.778–4.157) | (0.514–0.676) | (0.249–0.304) | (0.267–0.327) | (0.489–0.552) | |
 16–17 | 9.317*** | 0.312*** | 0.131*** | 0.133*** | 0.290*** |
(8.720–9.955) | (0.274–0.357) | (0.120–0.144) | (0.120–0.146) | (0.273–0.308) | |
Year (ref: 2015) | |||||
 2016 | 0.928* | 0.869 | 0.957 | 1.010 | 0.982 |
(0.865–0.995) | (0.738–1.024) | (0.869–1.054) | (0.923–1.105) | (0.910–1.059) | |
 2017 | 0.986 | 0.785*** | 0.925* | 0.917* | 0.907* |
(0.927–1.048) | (0.690–0.893) | (0.857–0.998) | (0.850–0.990) | (0.841–0.979) | |
 2018 | 0.978 | 0.745*** | 0.848*** | 0.847*** | 0.759*** |
(0.898–1.066) | (0.651–0.852) | (0.783–0.918) | (0.780–0.919) | (0.711–0.809) | |
 2019 | 0.941 | 0.682*** | 0.854*** | 0.860*** | 0.736*** |
(0.866–1.022) | (0.594–0.783) | (0.791–0.923) | (0.796–0.929) | (0.683–0.792) | |