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Table 3 Summary of health outcomes

From: Effectiveness of digital interventions to improve household and community infection prevention and control behaviours and to reduce incidence of respiratory and/or gastro-intestinal infections: a rapid systematic review

Study

Outcome Measure

Outcome in Control Group

Outcome in Intervention Group

Test statistics and statistical significance (where available)

Hu 2018 [17]

Incidence of HFMD

13.3% (4/30)

0% (0/30)

n/a

Hu 2019 [18]

Duration of rash in days, M (SD)

7.43 (1.9)

3.65 (0.8)

p < 0.05

Time to recovery in days, M (SD)

13.04 (2.6)

6.66 (1.5)

p < 0.05

Little 2015 [9]

Number reporting one or more episodes of RTI at 16 weeks

59% (5135/ 8667)

51% (4242/ 8241)

Multivariate risk ratio 0·86;

95% CI 0·83–0·89; p < 0·0001

Number reporting one or more episodes of gastrointestinal infections at 16 weeks

25% (1821/ 7292)

21% (1376/ 6410)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.82; 95% CI 0.76–0.88; p < 0.0001

Number of respiratory infections at 4 months, M (SD)

1.09 (1.36)

0.84 (1.13)

Multivariate incident rate ratio 0.75; 95% CI 0.72–0.79; p < 0.0001

Number of days of moderate or bad symptoms, M (SD)

2.60 (4.44)

2.08 (4.00)

Multivariate incident rate ratio 0.92; 95% CI 0.87–0.98; p < 0.0001

Antibiotic use in primary care within 4 months

6% (617/9579)

6% (535/9540)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.74–0.94; p = 0.002

Antibiotic use in primary care within 12 months

11% (1008/9579)

9% (891/9540)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.93; p < 0.001

Consultation in primary care or hospitalisation with respiratory infection within 4 months

11% (1021/9579)

10% (951/9540)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–0.98; p = 0.014

Consultation in primary care or hospitalisation with respiratory infection within 12 months

17% (1653/9579)

16% (1527/9540)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.90; 95% CI 0.84–0.96; p = 0.001

Number of respiratory infections in household members

49% (4193/ 8551)

44% (3545/ 8075)

Multivariate risk ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.85–0.92; p < 0.0001

Number of respiratory infections in the household at 4 months, M (SD)

1.17 (2.07)

0.93 (1.48)

Multivariate incident rate ratio 0.79; 95% CI 0.74–0.83; p < 0.0001