Table 1 Prevalence of chronic disease risk factors, chronic health, and mental health outcomes stratified by Arab or Iranian ethnicity, sex, and age group from a Northern California health system in 2016

Ages 35–84

(N = 5777)

(N = 18,072)

(N = 2931)

(N = 9353)

(N = 2846)

(N = 8719)

Risk factors

 Obesity (BMI > =30)

25.1 (23.8, 26.4)

32.8 (32.0, 33.6) ^a

27.8 (25.8, 29.8)

34.4 (33.2, 35.5) ^a

22.9 (21.1, 24.7)

31.0 (29.9, 32.2) ^a

 Current Smoking

7.7 (7.0, 8.4)

10.0 (9.5, 10.4) ^a

10.9 (9.6, 12.1)

13.3 (12.6, 14.0) ^a

5.1 (4.3, 5.9)

6.5 (5.9, 7.0) ^a

 Ever Smoking

30.8 (29.6, 32.0)

33.4 (32.7, 34.1) ^a

39.7 (37.8, 41.5)

41.8 (40.7, 42.8)

22.2 (20.7, 23.7)

24.8 (23.9, 25.7) ^a

 Hyperlipidemia

40.3 (39.2, 41.4)

36.3 (35.7, 37.0) ^a

45.2 (43.5, 46.9)

40.8 (39.8, 41.7) ^a

35.9 (34.4, 37.4)

31.5 (30.6, 32.4) ^a

 Prediabetes

33.4 (32.2, 34.6)

27.7 (27.0, 28.4) ^a

35.9 (34.1, 37.7)

31.0 (30.0, 32.1) ^a

31.1 (29.4, 32.8)

24.4 (23.4, 25.3) ^a

Chronic health conditions

 Diabetes

14.1 (13.2, 14.9)

14.3 (13.7, 14.8)

16.2 (15.0, 17.4)

17.3 (16.6, 18.1)

11.6 (10.5, 12.7)

11.1 (10.4, 11.7)

 Hypertension

26.7 (25.7, 27.6)

28.2 (27.6, 28.8) ^a

29.1 (27.7, 30.6)

30.5 (29.6, 31.3)

24.2 (22.8, 25.5)

25.8 (25.0, 26.7)

Mental health conditions

 Depression

12.7 (11.9, 13.6)

9.1 (8.6, 9.5) ^a

7.8 (6.8, 8.8)

6.1 (5.6, 6.6) ^a

17.7 (16.4, 19.1)

12.1 (11.4, 12.8) ^a

 Anxiety

16.6 (15.6, 17.6)

10.9 (10.4, 11.4) ^a

11.7 (10.5, 13.0)

8.1 (7.5, 8.7) ^a

21.7 (20.2, 23.2)

13.8 (13.1, 14.6) ^a

Ages 35–44

(N = 1098, 19.0%)

(N = 5243, 29.0%)

(N = 417, 14.2%)

(N = 2753, 29.4%)

(N = 681, 23.9%)

(N = 2490, 28.6%)

Risk factors

 Obesity (BMI > =30)

22.6 (19.6, 25.6)

30.8 (29.2, 32.3) ^a

26.5 (21.5, 31.6)

34.7 (32.5, 37.0) ^a

20.2 (16.6, 23.8)

26.7 (24.6, 28.7) ^a

 Current Smoking

7.1 (5.6, 8.7)

11.8 (10.9, 12.7) ^a

13.3 (9.9, 16.7)

17.0 (15.6, 18.5)

3.5 (2.2, 4.9)

6.4 (5.5, 7.4) ^a

 Ever Smoking

19.0 (16.7, 21.4)

27.3 (26.0, 28.5) ^a

28.6 (24.2, 33.1)

36.7 (34.8, 38.5) ^a

20.2 (16.6, 23.8)

17.5 (16.0, 19.0)

 Hyperlipidemia

10.7 (8.9, 12.6)

10.6 (9.8, 11.5)

16.3 (12.8, 19.9)

15.1 (13.8, 16.5)

7.3 (5.4, 9.3)

5.7 (4.8, 6.6)

 Prediabetes

12.1 (10.1, 14.0)

11.5 (10.6, 12.4)

14.7 (11.2, 18.1)

13.5 (12.2, 14.8)

10.5 (8.2, 12.8)

9.3 (8.2, 10.5)

Chronic health conditions

 Diabetes

3.0 (2.0, 4.0)

3.6 (3.1, 4.2)

3.8 (2.0, 5.7)

4.7 (3.9, 5.5)

2.5 (1.3, 3.7)

2.5 (1.9, 3.1)

 Hypertension

4.3 (3.1, 5.5)

5.8 (5.2, 6.5)

5.8 (3.5, 8.0)

7.0 (6.0, 7.9)

3.4 (2.0, 4.7)

4.5 (3.7, 5.4)

Mental health conditions

 Depression

10.5 (8.7, 12.3)

7.6 (6.9, 8.3) ^a

6.5 (4.1, 8.8)

4.8 (4.0, 5.6)

12.9 (10.4, 15.4)

10.6 (9.4, 11.8)

 Anxiety

17.2 (15.0, 19.4)

11.3 (10.4, 12.1) ^a

12.7 (9.5, 15.9)

8.4 (7.4, 9.4) ^a

20.0 (17.0, 23.0)

14.5 (13.1, 15.8) ^a

Ages 45–64

(N = 2909, 50.4%)

(N = 9214, 51.0%)

(N = 1513, 51.6%)

(N = 4847, 51.8%)

(N = 1396, 49.1%)

(N = 4367, 50.1%)

Risk factors

 Obesity (BMI > =30)

26.7 (24.8, 28.5)

34.5 (33.3, 35.6) ^a

30.7 (27.7, 33.4)

36.7 (35.1, 38.3) ^a

22.5 (20.0, 25.0)

32.1 (30.5, 33.7) ^a

 Current Smoking

9.1 (8.0, 10.1)

11.0 (10.4, 11.7) ^a

11.9 (10.2, 13.6)

14.1 (13.1, 15.2)

6.2 (4.9, 7.5)

7.6 (6.8, 8.4)

 Ever Smoking

32.0 (30.3, 33.6)

32.4 (31.4, 33.4)

40.3 (37.7, 42.8)

39.3 (37.9, 40.7)

23.7 (21.5, 25.9)

24.9 (23.6, 26.2)

 Hyperlipidemia

38.6 (36.9, 40.3)

33.6 (32.6, 34.5) ^a

45.2 (42.7, 47.7)

39.3 (37.9, 40.6) ^a

32.0 (29.7, 34.3)

27.3 (26.0, 28.6) ^a

 Prediabetes

33.4 (31.6, 35.2)

26.9 (26.0, 27.9) ^a

35.6 (33.0, 38.2)

30.5 (29.1, 31.9) ^a

31.5 (29.0, 34.0)

23.3 (22.0, 24.6) ^a

Chronic health conditions

 Diabetes

12.0 (10.8, 13.1)

12.7 (12.0, 13.4)

14.7 (13.0, 16.5)

15.8 (14.7, 16.8)

8.8 (7.3, 10.3)

9.3 (8.4, 10.2)

 Hypertension

20.9 (19.4, 22.3)

23.4 (22.5, 24.2) ^a

24.8 (22.7, 27.0)

25.8 (24.6, 27.0)

16.7 (14.8, 18.6)

20.6 (19.4, 21.7) ^a

Mental health conditions

 Depression

11.9 (10.7, 13.1)

8.4 (7.8, 8.9) ^a

7.1 (5.8, 8.4)

5.7 (5.1, 6.4)

16.8 (14.8, 18.8)

11.3 (10.4, 12.3) ^a

 Anxiety

15.8 (14.5, 17.1)

10.5 (9.8, 11.1) ^a

11.4 (9.9, 13.0)

8.2 (7.4, 8.9) ^a

20.4 (18.3, 22.6)

13.0 (12.0, 14.0) ^a

Ages 65–84

(N = 1770, 30.6%)

(N = 3615, 20.0%)

(N = 1001, 34.2%)

(N = 1753, 18.7%)

(N = 769, 27.0%)

(N = 1862, 21.3%)

Risk factors

 Obesity (BMI > =30)

24.5 (22.3, 26.8)

31.3 (29.6, 33.1) ^a

23.3 (20.3, 26.2)

29.5 (27.1, 31.9) ^a

26.2 (22.6, 29.8)

33.1 (30.7, 35.6) ^a

 Current Smoking

5.6 (4.5, 6.7)

6.1 (5.3, 6.9)

6.5 (5.0, 8.0)

8.1 (6.8, 9.4)

4.4 (3.0, 5.9)

4.3 (3.3, 5.2)

 Ever Smoking

39.7 (37.4, 41.9)

41.2 (39.6, 42.8)

48.9 (45.8, 52.0)

51.4 (49.1, 53.8)

27.6 (24.5, 30.7)

31.7 (29.5, 33.8)

 Hyperlipidemia

71.6 (69.5, 73.7)

65.9 (64.4, 67.4) ^a

72.6 (69.8, 75.3)

67.9 (65.8, 70.1) ^a

70.4 (67.2, 73.6)

64.0 (61.9, 66.2) ^a

 Prediabetes

53.5 (50.9, 56.2)

44.5 (42.7, 46.3) ^a

56.6 (53.1, 60.1)

48.8 (46.1, 51.4) ^a

49.7 (45.8, 53.7)

40.8 (38.4, 43.3) ^a

Chronic health conditions

 Diabetes

28.6 (26.5, 30.7)

27.3 (25.9, 28.8)

30.8 (28.0, 33.6)

32.4 (30.2, 34.6)

25.8 (22.7, 28.9)

22.6 (20.7, 24.5)

 Hypertension

59.3 (57.0, 61.5)

58.9 (57.4, 60.5)

59.8 (56.8, 62.8)

61.7 (59.5, 64.0)

58.6 (55.2, 62.0)

56.3 (54.1, 58.5)

Mental health conditions

 Depression

16.4 (14.7, 18.2)

11.8 (10.8, 12.9) ^a

10.5 (8.6, 12.4)

8.2 (6.9, 9.5)

24.2 (21.2, 27.2)

15.2 (13.6, 16.9) ^a

 Anxiety

17.7 (15.9, 19.5)

11.4 (10.3, 12.4) ^a

11.4 (9.4, 13.4)

7.7 (6.4, 8.9) ^a

25.9 (22.8, 29.0)

14.8 (13.2, 16.4) ^a